The theoretical weight of 304 stainless steel pipe elbow

/di /oleh

Stainless steel pipe fittings are extensively used in the manufacturing industries for its durability and cost-effectiveness. It has many advantages over the traditional pipe fittings that make it more preferable than any other. The cost-effectiveness of the alloy products greatly contributes to their wide application. Besides this, it helps in the maintenance of the pipe systems too. These are the main reasons why the 304 pipe fittings and accessories have become popular in the market. As the industry requires, the 304 pipe elbows made by the welded and seamless process can be easily found online. But before buying them, you must ensure their weight for your needs, because it will affect the cost of your shipping and transportation.

 

TP 304 Stainless steel elbow weight chart(Theoretical, kg)

DN O.D Radius Nominal wall thickness, T
NPS DN D R=1.5D SCH5s W SCH10s W SCH10 W SCH20 W SHC30 W SCH40s W STD W SCH40 W SCH60 W
1/2 15 21.3 38 1.7 0.05 2.11 0.06 2.11 0.06 2.41 0.07 2.77 0.08 2.77 0.08 2.77 0.08
3/4 20 26.7 38 1.7 0.06 2.11 0.08 2.11 0.08 2.41 0.09 2.87 0.10 2.87 0.10 2.87 0.10
1 25 33.4 38 1.7 0.08 2.77 0.13 2.77 0.13 2.9 0.13 3.38 0.15 3.38 0.15 3.38 0.15
1 1/4 32 42.2 48 1.7 0.13 2.77 0.20 2.77 0.20 2.97 0.22 3.56 0.26 3.56 0.26 3.56 0.26
1 1/2 40 48.3 57 1.7 0.17 2.77 0.28 2.77 0.28 3.18 0.32 3.68 0.37 3.68 0.37 3.68 0.37
2 50 60.3 76 1.7 0.29 2.77 0.47 2.77 0.47 3.18 0.54 3.91 0.66 3.91 0.66 3.91 0.66
2 1/2 65 73 95 2.1 0.56 3.05 0.79 3.05 0.79 4.78 1.21 5.16 1.30 5.16 1.30 5.16 1.30
3 80 88.9 114 2.1 0.82 3.05 1.17 3.05 1.17 4.78 1.79 5.49 2.04 5.49 2.04 5.49 2.04
3 1/2 90 101.6 133 2.1 1.09 3.05 1.56 3.05 1.56 4.78 2.41 5.74 2.86 5.74 2.86 5.74 2.86
4 100 114.3 152 2.1 1.41 3.05 2.02 3.05 2.02 4.78 3.11 6.02 3.87 6.02 3.87 6.02 3.87
5 125 141.3 190 2.8 2.85 3.4 3.48 3.4 3.48 6.55 6.56 6.55 6.56 6.55 6.56
6 150 168.3 229 2.8 4.11 3.4 5.02 3.4 5.02 7.11 10.26 7.11 10.26 7.11 10.26
8 200 219.1 305 2.8 7.15 3.76 9.66 3.76 9.66 6.35 16.11 7.04 17.80 8.18 20.58 8.18 20.58 8.18 20.58 10.31 25.67
10 250 273.1 381 3.4 13.66 4.19 16.79 4.19 16.79 6.35 25.23 7.8 30.83 9.27 36.43 9.27 36.43 9.27 36.43 12.7 49.27
12 300 323.9 457 4 22.64 4.57 26.08 4.57 26.08 6.35 36.03 8.38 47.25 9.53 53.53 9.53 53.53 10.31 57.77 14.27 78.95
14 350 355.6 533 4 29.02 4.78 34.95 6.35 46.22 7.92 57.39 9.53 68.73 9.53 68.73 11.13 79.90 15.09 107.08
16 400 406.4 610 4.2 40.20 4.78 45.79 6.35 60.59 7.92 75.27 9.53 90.21 9.53 90.21 12.7 119.25 16.66 154.87
18 450 457.2 686 4.2 50.91 4.78 58.01 6.35 76.79 7.92 95.44 11.13 133.17 9.53 114.43 14.27 169.54 19.05 223.88
20 500 508 762 4.8 71.67 5.54 82.94 6.35 94.91 9.53 141.53 12.7 187.41 9.53 141.53 15.09 221.61 20.62 299.43
22 550 558.8 838 4.8 86.77 5.54 100.43 6.35 114.94 9.53 171.51 12.7 227.25 9.53 171.51 22.23 390.83
24 600 609.6 914 5.5 119.59 6.35 136.90 6.35 136.90 9.53 204.37 14.27 303.60 9.53 204.37 17.48 369.89 24.61 514.50

 

What’s the duplex stainless steel used for?

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Duplex stainless steel refers to the stainless steel that have each 50% of ferrite and austenite , the general content of the less phase is at least 30%, it has both the characteristics of austenite and ferrite stainless steel. Compared with ferrite, it has higher plasticity, toughness, no room temperature brittleness, intergranular corrosion resistance and welding performance are significantly improved, also maintain the 475℃ brittleness of ferrite stainless steel and high thermal conductivity, superplasticity and other characteristics. Compared with austenitic stainless steels, dual-phase stainless steels have higher strength and higher resistance to intergranular corrosion and chloride stress corrosion. Duplex stainless steel is widely used in various applications because of its excellent comprehensive mechanical properties and resistance to chloride stress corrosion, papermaking industry, Chemical and petrochemical industries, Hydrometallurgy; Marine and coastal applications, plumbing installations for food and beverage plants, buildings, etc

Pulp and paper

Beginning in 1930, one of the first applications of duplex stainless steel was in the sulfite paper industry. Today, duplex stainless steel is used in the pulp and paper industry as bleaching equipment, digesters, chip storage tanks, black and white storage tanks, and suction roll housings. duplex stainless steels have high strength, excellent corrosion resistance, and the same pressure rating that allows for the use of thinner sheets, and have now replaced austenitic stainless steels and carbon steels in paper industry applications. It has lower composite material costs, shorter welding times, and lower transportation and handling costs.

 

Desalination

Due to the high chloride content, high-temperature corrosive process environment, seawater desalination subjected the material to one of the most stringent tests. Desalination customers need to strike a balance between meeting corrosion resistance requirements and keeping their investments affordable. In earlier desalination projects, the evaporators for the MSF and MED desalination plants were manufactured using carbon steel. Later, MSF evaporators are generally coated with 316L austenitic stainless steel. The MED evaporator is first coated with epoxy resin and then stainless steel.

The benefits of duplex stainless steel have high strength (twice that of conventional austenitic stainless steel) combined with high corrosion resistance. As a result, duplex stainless steel evaporators can be manufactured from thinner steel plates, requiring less material and welding. Other benefits include ease of handling and less overall impact on the environment. 2205 duplex stainless steel is used to manufacture bulk duplex steel evaporators. The Melittah MSF facility and the Zuara Med facility in Libya were installed to construct three sets of multistage flash MSF units using the concept of combining two duplex steel, 2205 and UNS S32101.

 

Oil and gas

In the oil and gas industry, duplex stainless steels play a vital role in helping to withstand harsh conditions. This is because its strength, pitting resistance and crevice corrosion resistance are better than standard austenitic stainless steels, and the pitting value (PREN) of dual-phase stainless steels is usually higher than 40. Duplex stainless steel is mainly used in fluid piping, process piping systems and equipment such as separators, scrubbing units and pumps. At sea area, these materials are used in downhole production pipes, fittings and assembly lines, production tree parts, fluid pipes and pipelines for transporting corrosive oil and gas. Super Duplex Stainless Steel (25% Cr) has high strength, excellent fatigue resistance and good coupling compatibility with other high alloy stainless steels.

 

Food and Beverages

Economic duplex steels have also proved their value in the food and beverage industry. The material is used in two projects in Spain, a food storage facility and a wine storage facility.

At the Port of Barcelona, Emypro SA built all the food storage tanks using S32101, replacing the EN304/304L. The wine storage warehouse for Garcia Carrion, built by Spanish tank manufacturer Martinez Sole in Demiere, southern Spain, was the first to use dual-phase stainless steel: The S32101 and 2304, as low-cost replacements for 304/316L, were used to build the roof and topmost roof for all new tanks.

 

Construction industry

Duplex steel plays an important role in the construction of Bridges that need high bearing strength when used in a corrosive and salt environment. The 2205 duplex stainless steel is used for the Stonecutters Bridge in Hong Kong and the Double Helix Walking Bridge in Singapore. In 2006, 2,000 tons of 2205 duplex steel sheets and pipes were used for the Stonecutters Island Bridge. The surface part of the bridge was constructed from custom-sized sheets by Chinese duplex stainless steel manufacturers. These stainless steel sheets are polished and shot-peened for optimum reflectance both day and night.

The world’s largest stainless steel roof at the new Doha International Airport in Qatar is constructed using an economical duplex stainless steel (S32003) containing molybdenum. The terminal’s most prominent feature is its wavy roof, which is said to be the largest stainless steel roof in the world. The roof covers about 195,000 square meters (2.1 million square feet) and uses about 1,600 tons (3.5 million pounds) of dual-phase stainless steel. Several factors must be considered in the choice of stainless steel grades, the most important of which is the distance between the airport and the sea. Not only must the roof resist the heat and humidity of the Middle East, but it must also withstand salt. Other factors for choosing Duplex Stainless steel include cost and a good strength-to-weight ratio when compared to other steels.

Apa itu DSS?

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DSS, the abbreviation of Duplex stainless steel, is a classification of stainless steels composed of two steel with the center one composed of either austenitize or ferric. These are also known as duplex steels since their chemical structure features two distinct phases, both of which are usually represented by martensite respectively. These steels are very useful in applications requiring extreme toughness since the two phases can be applied together at high temperatures and pressures. The duplex stainless steel is able to obtain sufficient hardness in both its austenitic and martensite phases due to the presence of significant amounts of residual austenite. The commonly used DSS grades are S31803, S32750 and SS32550.

The duplex stainless steel grades

Type UNS Sweden German France Japan
Low alloy UN23（SAF2304） SS232（SAF2304） W.Nr.1.4362 UR35N DP11
Medium alloy UNS S31500

UNS S31803

 SS2376(3RE60)

SS2377(SAF2205)

 W.Nr.1.4417

W.Nr.1.4462

 UR45N DP1

DP8
High alloy UNS S32900

UNS S31260

 SS2324(10RE51) W.Nr.1.4460

W.Nr.1.4501

   329J1

329J2L
Super duplex UNS S32750

UNS S32550

 SS2328(SAF2507) W.Nr.1.4410

W.Nr.1.4507

 UR47N+

UR52N+

  

 

Apart from the alloy itself, another important factor that contributes to its corrosion resistance is the nickel content. Nickel is commonly found in higher percentages in most alloys, which makes it an extremely useful component. In comparison to nickel, which is often used in high-performance alloys for its electrical conductivity and ability to form good-quality alloys, nickel is not as frequently used in making high-quality duplex stainless steel. One of the most interesting aspects of nickel alloys is its corrosion resistance ability, which makes it the best alternative for high-performance materials. When mixed with the steel, nickel produces a more stable alloy, which can increase the alloy’s wear-ability and mechanical strength.

Another significant property of this alloy is its high resistance to thermal expansion. It exhibits a high level of thermal expansion resistance despite the expansion resistance ability of austenitic stainless steels, due to its superior mechanical properties. This property gives it an excellent corrosion protection capability, especially during the tempering/stain removal cycle. The excellent corrosion resistance feature of duplex stainless steel enables it to stand up against a wide range of chemicals. It also has high levels of resistance towards oil, grease and other liquids with a high viscosity level.

Apart from the above features, duplex stainless steel is also popular because of its high strength and durability. Its high strength rating of up to 300Kg is made possible through its ability to make use of two-directional mandrel rolls. It is comprised of a hard carbon fiber rolled into strips that are interlaced on both sides and formed into a bar with a mandrel. A further feature that makes it an excellent alloy is that its surface is completely smooth with no ridges.

One of the most important factors that contribute to the durability of duplex stainless steels is their low rate of pitting corrosion resistance. These steels exhibit a low rate of formation of crystalline grains inside the hot alloy. They can be used to build both large and small structures in different industries. Due to their resistance to crystalline grains, they are highly valued by the construction industry.

The mechanical properties of duplex stainless steel offer a number of benefits that make them an excellent choice for a wide range of applications. These properties allow these steels to be used for a variety of applications including precision engineering component building, heat exchangers and sheet metal fabrication. Some other important properties of this type of alloy include high heat tolerance, low density and excellent corrosion resistance. They also offer a number of mechanical properties that contribute to the overall properties of the alloy. These include extreme hardness, toughness, chemical resistance and creep resistance.

Mengapa baja stainless 201 lebih murah daripada 304?

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201 stainless steel merupakan bahan alternatif yang relatif murah dibandingkan dengan 304 stainless steel yang lebih umum digunakan. Lembaran 201 stainless steel memiliki keunggulan dibandingkan dengan pesaingnya karena mengandung kadar Cr dan nikel yang lebih sedikit. Hal ini menyebabkan lebih sedikit limbah dalam pembuatan sambungan serta penurunan biaya produksi. Meskipun demikian, lembaran stainless steel ini kehilangan sebagian kekerasan dan kelembutan dibandingkan dengan 304 stainless steel.

Lembaran stainless steel 201 memiliki kandungan nikel sekitar setengah dari 304 stainless steel. Sebagai gantinya, tungsten digantikan oleh berbagai tambahan paduan nitrogen dan mangan. Mungkin total kontribusi dari bahan-bahan paduan ini tidak sama dengan total kandungan nikel, tetapi mereka tentu berkontribusi dengan cara yang cukup signifikan. Kelemahan material ini adalah bahwa kandungan krom berikut 18% dan kandungan nikel yang rendah tidak dapat mencapai keseimbangan dan membentuk ferrite, sehingga kandungan krom dalam stainless steel 201 berkisar antara 13,5% hingga 15%, dalam beberapa kasus hingga 13% hingga 14%, ketahanannya terhadap korosi tidak sebanding dengan 304 dan baja serupa lainnya. Selain itu, mangan dan, dalam beberapa kasus, tembaga mengurangi kemungkinan terjadinya re-passivasi dalam kondisi asam yang umum terjadi di lokasi korosi endapan dan celah. Tingkat kerusakan baja 201 dalam kondisi ini adalah sekitar 10-100 kali lebih besar dibandingkan baja stainless steel 304. Kandungan belerang dan karbon residu dalam baja seringkali tidak dikontrol selama proses produksi, bahkan selama proses daur ulang material.

Perubahan utama yang terjadi dalam komposisi baja stainless ini adalah penggantian nitrogen dengan mangan. Kandungan nikel berkurang dari sekitar 20 % dalam kasus 201 menjadi hanya % 7 dalam kasus baja stainless 304. Hal ini terutama disebabkan oleh fakta bahwa tungsten digantikan oleh mangan. Ada juga beberapa keuntungan lainnya, yang dapat dilihat sebagai kombinasi dari kedua kelemahan tersebut yang menghasilkan baja stainless yang sangat efektif secara menyeluruh.

Alternatif stainless steel berikutnya yang muncul dalam beberapa tahun terakhir adalah penggunaan karbon sebagai pengganti nitrogen. Karbon sangat tahan lama dan awet. Banyak peralatan baru yang dipasarkan saat ini menggunakan karbon sebagai pengganti nikel, dan hal ini disebabkan oleh alasan tersebut saja. Karbon juga meningkatkan kelembutan paduan logam, dan hal ini dapat digunakan pada peralatan rumah tangga yang menggunakan banyak listrik seperti kompor dan microwave. Penurunan kelembutan ini juga dapat membuat kinerja peralatan rumah tangga tersebut jauh lebih baik.

Seluruh komposisi dari baja stainless 201 berubah ketika karbon digantikan oleh mangan. Hal ini membuat paduan ini lebih keras, lebih kuat, dan juga lebih tahan korosi. Sifat fisik paduan ini meningkat sebagai akibat dari peningkatan sifat mekanis dan peningkatan konduktivitas termal. Seperti yang kita lihat, kombinasi dari keduanya membuat keserasian yang sempurna. Jika Anda mencari set dapur baru atau ingin mengganti peralatan masak di dapur Anda, maka pilihan terbaik adalah memilih baja stainless 201. Kami telah memegang posisi terdepan dalam penyediaan produk baja stainless seperti 201, 304, 316, dan lainnya. Saat memulai proyek baja baru, penting untuk mencari produk berkualitas tinggi.

Austenitic Heat Resistant Stainless Steel

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309 and 310 stainless sheets of steel are heat-resistant austenitic steels characterized by high Cr and Ni content. 309S and 310S are their low carbon versions respectively. In oxidizing media, they both have excellent corrosion resistance and high-temperature strength. At room temperature, the matrix microstructure of austenitic stainless steel 310 is pure γ. 310 is also known as “2520 stainless steel” because it contains 25% chromium and 20% nickel, respectively. 310S and 309S are not easy to oxidize at high temperature and are commonly used high-temperature resistance grades. The experimental results show that the oxidation rate of 310 is slow when the temperature is less than 1000℃. As the temperature continues to rise to 1200℃, the degree of oxidation of 310 accelerates rapidly. In addition, they are also used in the transport and storage of strong acids such as nitric acid with a concentration of 65% ~ 85%.

 

Alternative material in other standards:

JIS G4303 SUS 309S, SUS 310S

EN 10088-1 X12CrNi23-13/ 1.4833, X15CrNiSi25-21/1.4841, X8CrNi25-21/ 1.4845

 

Chemical Composition

ASTM 309 309S 310 310S
C ≤0.20 ≤0.08 ≤0.25 ≤0.08
Si ≤1.00 ≤1.00 ≤1.50 ≤1.50
Mn ≤2.00 ≤2.00 ≤2.00 ≤2.00
P ≤0.045 ≤0.045 ≤0.045 ≤0.045
S ≤0.030 ≤0.030 ≤0.030 ≤0.030
Cr 22.00~24.00 22.00~24.00 24.00~26.00 24.00~26.00
Ni 12.00~15.00 12.00~15.00 19.00~22.00 19.00~22.00

Under the high temperature condition, 310 heat resistant stainless steel can keep the performance is stable, not easy to be corroded and oxidized by the outside. This is mainly due to the high Cr content in 310 stainless steel itself, metal Cr can combine with oxygen to form Cr2O3 oxide film, which constantly covers the surface of 310 steel until all the package, equivalent to 310 steel put on the “protective clothing”, which can prevent the internal 310 metal contact with the outside world, This is the main reason why 310 steel can have good oxidation resistance at high temperature.

For heat-resistant stainless steel, the chromium (Cr) element is stable at high temperature, does not occur oxidation and falls off. But the content of Cr can not be too high, otherwise, the toughness of stainless steel will also decline because Cr can promote the emergence of α composition and inhibit γ, too much α is easy to lead to the generation of brittle phase. Therefore, in austenitic stainless steel, we hope that the content of Cr remains moderate, which can not only ensure the performance of the material in all aspects but also prevent the emergence of some brittle phases.

Nickel is a very important element in heat-resistant austenitic stainless steel and plays an active role in promoting the formation of γ. The increase of Ni content can make the transition temperature from γ to αphase become very low, which can enhance the stability of the austenite matrix. In addition, appropriate Ni content can obviously improve the overall mechanical properties and good welding properties of stainless steel.

310S VS 309S stainless steel tubing for high temperature application

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310S stainless steel is austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steel, which has good oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance. The high percentage of chromium and nickel content makes it have good creep strength, can work continuously at high temperatures, has good high-temperature resistance. High Ni (Ni), Cr (Cr) content makes it has good oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance, acid and alkali resistance, high-temperature resistance, used in the manufacture of electric furnace tubes, and other occasions. The strength of austenitic stainless steel increases with the increase of carbon content due to its solution strengthening effect. The austenitic stainless steel has high strength and creeps strength at high temperatures due to its face-centered cubic structure, which is based on chromium and nickel.

309S(23Cr-13Ni) stainless steel has excellent corrosion resistance and strength, suitable for the working temperature of 1000℃ parts. It has excellent high-temperature acid resistance and high-temperature strength, also known as high alloy stainless steel, widely used in exhaust machines, heat treatment furnaces and heat exchangers, etc. 309S and 310S austenitic stainless steels are often used in high-temperature applications. Their high chromium and nickel content ensures good corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance, and they are slightly stronger at room temperature than austenitic 304 alloys.

 

The difference is the working temperature at which they are applied:

310S available temperature: 1000~1200℃, the highest working temperature of 1200℃, continuous use temperature of 1150℃. It is the mainstream steel of heat-resistant steel series;

309S usable temperature: 900~1000℃. The highest working temperature is 1050℃, in 650-700℃ can be used under a large load for a long time.

 

310S stainless steel pipe used for a large number of fluid pipelines, such as petroleum, natural gas, water, gas, steam, and bending, torsional strength of the same stainless steel compared to lightweight, so it is also widely used in the manufacture of mechanical parts and engineering structures and conventional weapons, barrels, shells.

Finally, the biggest difference between 309S and 310S stainless steel is their content of Ni and Cr, which ensures that they not fail due to fatigue, stress, or corrosion, as is often the case with other types of tubes. This is why the 309S and 310S SS seamless tubes are used in applications where high-temperature performance is required. So if you are looking for the ideal high-quality stainless steel tubes, it is always better to purchase them from stainless steel manufacturers that offer quality products at reasonable prices.