{"id":2253,"date":"2021-08-11T05:57:12","date_gmt":"2021-08-11T05:57:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/?p=2253"},"modified":"2024-08-07T02:11:10","modified_gmt":"2024-08-07T02:11:10","slug":"stainless-steel-pipe-grades-for-oil-and-gas-field","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/stainless-steel-pipe-grades-for-oil-and-gas-field\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 cho l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u00f3i chung, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim th\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a H2S, nh\u01b0ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a CO2 ho\u1eb7c H2S, CO2, Cl \u2013 c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i khi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 Martensitic, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 song c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim g\u1ed1c niken . Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n 1988 c\u1ee7a API 5CT \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p \u1ed1ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p C75 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 Martensitic l\u00e0 9Cr v\u00e0 13Cr.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao <\/strong>M<\/strong>\u1ed1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 artensit cho gi\u1ebfng d\u1ea7u <\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt v\u1edbi CO2 l\u00e0 kh\u00ed ch\u00ednh, h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng gi\u1ebfng d\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0103n m\u00f2n r\u1ed7 v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t, v.v. N\u1ebfu Cl \u2013 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 s\u1ebd t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng coi r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua khi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t carbon dioxide th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 0,021MPa v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0103n m\u00f2n s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra khi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t carbon dioxide \u0111\u1ea1t 0,021MPa. Khi pCO2 cao h\u01a1n 0,021MPa, c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. N\u00f3i chung, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do r\u1ed7 khi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 co2 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 0,05Mpa.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n CO2 l\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00e9p c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng crom cao nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p 9%-13%Cr l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ebfng kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 9%Cr v\u00e0 13Cr% \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n CO2. Vi\u1ec7n D\u1ea7u kh\u00ed Hoa K\u1ef3 (API) khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 martensitic 9Cr v\u00e0 13Cr (API L80-9Cr v\u00e0 L80-13Cr) \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. Th\u00e9p 13Cr c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n CO2 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, trong khi th\u00e9p 9Cr-1Mo c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t H2S t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. V\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, c\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 H2S trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n CO2. Khi H2S t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong gi\u1ebfng d\u1ea7u CO2, \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf SSCC c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng gi\u1ebfng d\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c martensite \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u01b0\u1edbi HRC22 c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t .<\/p>\n

Lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a gi\u1ebfng d\u1ea7u<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
C\u1ea5p<\/td>\nC<\/td>\nM\u01a1<\/td>\nCr<\/td>\nNi<\/td>\nC\u1ee7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9Cr<\/td>\n.10,15<\/td>\n0.9-1.1<\/td>\n8.0-10.0<\/td>\n.50,5<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
13Cr<\/td>\n0.15-0.22<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n12.0-14.0<\/td>\n.50,5<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SUP9Cr<\/td>\n0,03<\/td>\n1.5-2.5<\/td>\n12.0-13.5<\/td>\n4.0-6.0<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SUP13Cr<\/td>\n0,03<\/td>\n1.5-2.5<\/td>\n14.0-16.0<\/td>\n5.0-7.0<\/td>\n0.5-1.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p API 13Cr c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng CO2 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0 r\u00fat ng\u1eafn tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ebfng d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1t 150oC tr\u1edf l\u00ean. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0102N M\u00d2N c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p API 13Cr \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi CO2 v\u00e0 SSC (n\u1ee9t \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t sunfua), \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p SUP13Cr carbon th\u1ea5p c\u00f3 b\u1ed5 sung Ni v\u00e0 Mo \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \u1ed0ng th\u00e9p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 CO2 cao v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf hydrogen sulfide. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 martensite \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ferit d\u01b0\u1edbi 5%. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi CO2 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon ho\u1eb7c th\u00eam Cr v\u00e0 Ni, v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n r\u1ed7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00eam Mo. So v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p API 13Cr, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi CO2 v\u00e0 SSC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p API 13Cr l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 1mm\/a, trong khi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p SUP13Cr gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 0,125mm\/a. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a gi\u1ebfng s\u00e2u v\u00e0 si\u00eau s\u00e2u, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ebfng d\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng. N\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ebfng d\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng l\u00ean h\u01a1n 180oC, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng gi\u1ebfng d\u1ea7u SUP13Cr c\u0169ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3m, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. Theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 song c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee3p kim g\u1ed1c Niken.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

M<\/strong>th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 artensit<\/strong>\u00a0\u1ed1ng cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn d\u1ea7u<\/strong><\/h3>\n

C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn<\/a> v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kh\u00ed \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 \u1ed1ng gi\u1ebfng d\u1ea7u. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u01a1m ch\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 hai pha. Lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 hai pha c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh cao, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o h\u00e0n kh\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, vi\u1ec7c gia nhi\u1ec7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t sau h\u00e0n khi thi c\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. \u1ed0ng martensitic 11Cr cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng CO2 v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng martensitic 12Cr cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng CO2+ v\u1ebft H2S \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. C\u1ed9t c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n t\u1ed1t, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n gia nhi\u1ec7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t sau h\u00e0n, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngang v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p X80 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ch\u1eadm ho\u1eb7c \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 hai pha.<\/p>\n

\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
C\u1ea5p<\/td>\nC<\/td>\nCr<\/td>\nNi<\/td>\nM\u01a1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11Cr<\/td>\n0,03<\/td>\n11<\/td>\n1.5<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12Cr<\/td>\n0,03<\/td>\n12<\/td>\n5.0<\/td>\n2.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 song c\u00f4ng cho ng\u00e0nh d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed<\/h3>\n

Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 martensitic SUP 15Cr kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a gi\u1ebfng d\u1ea7u (kh\u00ed) ch\u1ee9a CO2 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 200oC v\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 song c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi CO2 v\u00e0 Cl - c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t. Hi\u1ec7n nay, 22Cr<\/a> v\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 song c\u00f4ng 25Cr (Austenitic v\u00e0 Ferrite) ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Gi\u1ebfng CO2 tr\u00ean 200oC, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Cr v\u00e0 Ni \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n. Th\u00e9p song c\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m ferrite c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi pha Austenitic. Ngo\u00e0i Cr v\u00e0 Ni, Mo v\u00e0 N c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n. Ngo\u00e0i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 song c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao t\u1ed1t, so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 martensite, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t H2S t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m NACE TM 0177-A, trong dung d\u1ecbch A, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea3i 85%SMYS, kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 martensite th\u00e9p ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra \u00e1p su\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n 10kPa H2S, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 Duplex 25Cr c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra \u00e1p su\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n 100kPa H2S.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Nh\u00ecn chung, trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i CO2 v\u00e0 H2S, ho\u1eb7c \u00e1p su\u1ea5t ri\u00eang ph\u1ea7n H2S kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0ng Cl- r\u1ea5t cao, th\u00e9p 13Cr (k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 th\u00e9p super 13Cr) kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, 22Cr<\/a> B\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 song c\u00f4ng (ASF 2205) ho\u1eb7c th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 si\u00eau song c\u00f4ng 25Cr, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 Ni, Cr cao v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p kim d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Ni v\u00e0 Fe-Ni nh\u01b0 G3, h\u1ee3p kim 825 ch\u1ee9a h\u01a1n 20% Cr, Ni30%.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N\u00f3i chung, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim th\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a H2S, nh\u01b0ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a CO2 ho\u1eb7c H2S, CO2, Cl \u2013 c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i khi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 Martensitic, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 song c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim g\u1ed1c niken . Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1988 c\u1ee7a API 5CT \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p \u1ed1ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2227,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2253","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2253","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2253"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2253\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2309,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2253\/revisions\/2309"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2227"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2253"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2253"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2253"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}