{"id":2218,"date":"2021-07-29T08:28:31","date_gmt":"2021-07-29T08:28:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/?p=2218"},"modified":"2021-07-29T08:34:18","modified_gmt":"2021-07-29T08:34:18","slug":"why-is-duplex-stainless-steel-used-in-nuclear-power-plant-cooling-water-systems","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/why-is-duplex-stainless-steel-used-in-nuclear-power-plant-cooling-water-systems\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ea1i sao th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 song c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m m\u00e1t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n?"},"content":{"rendered":"

L\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i carbon tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m m\u00e1t l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a cho s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n feet \u1ed1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh v\u00e0 k\u00edch c\u1ee1 kh\u00e1c nhau. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m m\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, trong khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng an to\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m m\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 t\u1eaft l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u1ed1ng n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m m\u00e1t trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, lo\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m m\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169 \u0111i, nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n m\u00f2n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra, l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m m\u00e1t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m m\u00e1t th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m m\u00e1t. R\u00f2 r\u1ec9 do t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn (b\u1ecbt k\u00edn) v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t, bao g\u1ed3m t\u00edch t\u1ee5 tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch, b\u00e1m d\u00ednh sinh h\u1ecdc bi\u1ec3n (b\u1ee5i b\u1ea9n sinh h\u1ecdc), t\u00edch t\u1ee5 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t l\u1ea1. R\u00f2 r\u1ec9 th\u01b0\u1eddng do \u0103n m\u00f2n vi sinh v\u1eadt (MIC), l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0103n m\u00f2n r\u1ea5t \u0103n m\u00f2n do m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vi sinh v\u1eadt trong n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u00e2y ra. D\u1ea1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u1edf th\u00e9p cacbon v\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 h\u1ee3p kim th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kh\u1ea3 thi \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa ho\u1eb7c thay th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00e9p carbon hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng l\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304L, 316L ho\u1eb7c 6%-Mo. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316L v\u00e0 6% Mo c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3. N\u1ebfu m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u01b0a qua x\u1eed l\u00fd, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0103n m\u00f2n cao v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 \u0103n m\u00f2n vi sinh v\u1eadt th\u00ec 304L v\u00e0 316L kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p l\u00ean th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 6%-Mo ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn chi ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec cao cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00e9p carbon. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u1eabn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1ed1ng l\u00f3t b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p carbon v\u00ec chi ph\u00ed ban \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. Theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM A240, H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0110i\u1ec3m<\/td>\nUNS<\/td>\nC<\/td>\nN<\/td>\nCr<\/td>\nNi<\/td>\nM\u01a1<\/td>\nC\u1ee7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
304L<\/a><\/td>\nS30403<\/td>\n0.03<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n18.0-20.0<\/td>\n8.0-12.0<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
316L<\/a><\/td>\nS31603<\/td>\n0.03<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n16.0-18.0<\/td>\n10.0-14.0<\/td>\n2.0-3.0<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6%Mo<\/td>\nN08367<\/td>\n0.03<\/td>\n0.18-0.25<\/td>\n20.0-22.0<\/td>\n23.0-25.0<\/td>\n6.0-7.0<\/td>\n0.75<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2205<\/a><\/td>\nS32205<\/td>\n0.03<\/td>\n0.14-0.2<\/td>\n22.0-23.0<\/td>\n4.5-6.5<\/td>\n3.0-3.5<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 song c\u00f4ng 2205 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Catawba c\u1ee7a Duke Power \u1edf Nam Carolina l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 hai pha 2205 (UNS S32205) trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9a kho\u1ea3ng 3,2% molypden v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a vi sinh v\u1eadt t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304L v\u00e0 316L.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng l\u00f3t b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p carbon tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a b\u00ecnh ng\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 song c\u00f4ng 2205.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 thay th\u1ebf m\u1edbi 2205<\/a> \u1ed0ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 song c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2002. \u1ed0ng d\u00e0i 60 m\u00e9t, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 76,2 cm v\u00e0 91,4 cm, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng l\u00e0 0,95 cm. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ASME B31.1, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng quy t\u1eafc qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng an to\u00e0n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Sau 500 ng\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng. Kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u1eb7n ho\u1eb7c \u0103n m\u00f2n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 song c\u00f4ng 2205 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 2205 \u0111\u00e3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t trong h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, Duke Power \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1ed0ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 song song 2205<\/a> trong c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

B\u00ean trong \u1ed1ng 2205 sau 500 ng\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u1eefa khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng cho n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m m\u00e1t ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n. Vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 song 2205 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i carbon tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m m\u00e1t l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a cho s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n feet \u1ed1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh v\u00e0 k\u00edch c\u1ee1 kh\u00e1c nhau. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2224,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2218","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-social-activities"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2218","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2218"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2218\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2225,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2218\/revisions\/2225"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2224"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2218"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2218"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2218"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}