{"id":2179,"date":"2021-07-19T06:18:56","date_gmt":"2021-07-19T06:18:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/?p=2179"},"modified":"2021-07-19T08:32:55","modified_gmt":"2021-07-19T08:32:55","slug":"the-advantages-of-904l-stainless-steel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/the-advantages-of-904l-stainless-steel\/","title":{"rendered":"\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 904L"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 si\u00eau austenit 904L (<a href=\"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/materials\/austenitic-stainless-steel\/904l-stainless-steel\/\">UNS N08904<\/a>, EN1.4539) l\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 Austenitic h\u1ee3p kim cao v\u1edbi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon th\u1ea5p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0103n m\u00f2n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng crom v\u00e0 niken cao, vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1ng axit m\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 axit sunfuric lo\u00e3ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n khe h\u1edf clorua v\u00e0 n\u1ee9t \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t cao, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1ebft x\u00f3i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7 h\u01a1i nh\u1eb9 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00e1c. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0n t\u1ed1t, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p: t\u00e0u h\u00f3a d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, v.v.; \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb kh\u1eed l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n; Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n; Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1ea5y, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kim lo\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>904L ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 austenit. So v\u1edbi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng molypden cao, 904L kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a pha ferit v\u00e0 pha \u03b1.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u00e0n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, 904 L c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0n theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u00e0n h\u1ed3 quang th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0n kh\u00ed tr\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c che ch\u1eafn. \u0110i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c d\u00e2y kim lo\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao h\u01a1n. H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng molypden cao h\u01a1n kim lo\u1ea1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. N\u00f3i chung kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u00e0n, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi l\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, ph\u1ea7n kh\u1edbp ho\u1eb7c khu v\u1ef1c l\u00e2n c\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec1u. L\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 100oC, \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00edch t\u1ee5 carbon v\u00e0 g\u00e2y \u0103n m\u00f2n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t. N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0n nh\u1ecf, t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0n nhanh n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0n. N\u00f3i chung, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t sau khi h\u00e0n. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn 1100 ~ 1150oC v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00e0n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p: \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c (E385-16\/17), d\u00e2y h\u00e0n (ER385).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t gia c\u00f4ng<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh gia c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a <a href=\"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/materials\/austenitic-stainless-steel\/904l-stainless-steel\/\">904 L<\/a> t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u00ednh dao v\u00e0 c\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng. Ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft cacbua g\u00f3c ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1edbi d\u1ea7u l\u01b0u h\u00f3a v\u00e0 clo h\u00f3a l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t c\u1eaft, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. N\u00ean tr\u00e1nh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1eaft v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1eaft ch\u1eadm trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1eaft.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 904L<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>904L c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t-th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t trong axit kh\u00f4ng oxy h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 axit sulfuric, axit axetic, axit formic, axit photphoric, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t, trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung t\u00ednh ch\u1ee9a ion clorua. N\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 axit sunfuric d\u01b0\u1edbi 70oC v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi axit axetic v\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p axit formic v\u00e0 axit axetic \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<p>Do h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon th\u1ea5p (T\u1ed1i \u0111a 0,020%) c\u1ee7a 904L, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a cacbua trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u00e0n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0103n m\u00f2n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra sau khi x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 h\u00e0n. H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Cr-Ni-Mo cao v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0m cho 904L b\u1ecb th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng ngay c\u1ea3 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eed nh\u01b0 axit sulfuric v\u00e0 axit formic. H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken cao l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n m\u00f2n th\u1ea5p \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Trong ph\u1ea1m vi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 axit sunfuric tinh khi\u1ebft 0 ~ 98%, 904L c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 40oC. Trong ph\u1ea1m vi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 axit photphoric tinh khi\u1ebft 0 ~ 85%, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/materials\/austenitic-stainless-steel\/904l-stainless-steel\/\">904L SS<\/a> v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ed1t ph\u00e1t. Trong axit nitric c\u00f3 t\u00ednh oxy h\u00f3a cao, 904L c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u00e9m so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 molypden. Trong axit clohydric, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 904L \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 1-2%, trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Th\u00e9p 904L c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u1ebd h\u1edf m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong dung d\u1ecbch clorua, dung d\u1ecbch hydroxit \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e0u hydro sunfua, do h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken cao l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n m\u00f2n trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed1 v\u00e0 k\u1ebd h\u1edf. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ean 60 \u00b0 C trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e0u clorua. \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u0103ng h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken trong th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 si\u00eau austenit 904L (UNS N08904, EN1.4539) l\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 Austenitic h\u1ee3p kim cao v\u1edbi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon th\u1ea5p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0103n m\u00f2n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng crom v\u00e0 niken cao, vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1ng axit m\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 axit sulfuric lo\u00e3ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n khe h\u1edf clorua v\u00e0 [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2180,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2179","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2179","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2179"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2179\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2181,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2179\/revisions\/2181"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2180"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2179"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2179"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2179"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}