{"id":2159,"date":"2021-07-14T07:35:14","date_gmt":"2021-07-14T07:35:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/?p=2159"},"modified":"2021-07-14T07:38:30","modified_gmt":"2021-07-14T07:38:30","slug":"the-choice-of-stainless-steel-material-for-food-and-beverage-industrial","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/the-choice-of-stainless-steel-material-for-food-and-beverage-industrial\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u Inox cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 trong ng\u00e0nh ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn s\u1eefa v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ebfng. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y bia, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thanh tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng, do \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t \u0103n m\u00f2n do \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t. Nh\u00ecn chung, ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i inox ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 <a href=\"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/materials\/austenitic-stainless-steel\/304-304l-stainless-steel\/\">AISI304<\/a> ho\u1eb7c 316. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd trong ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7i \u0103n m\u00f2n kh\u00e1c nhau. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>X\u00f3i m\u00f2n\/\u0103n m\u00f2n trong b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t s\u1eefa b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9.<\/li>\n<li>\u0102n m\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u do axit lactic v\u00e0 c\u00e1c axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1 kh\u00e1c \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/li>\n<li>\u0102n m\u00f2n vi sinh v\u1eadt do n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ebfng g\u00e2y ra.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 &quot;v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t clorua&quot;.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi \u0103n m\u00f2n do rung \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t d\u1ea1ng t\u1ea5m trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1eefa, v\u00e1ng s\u1eefa, s\u1eefa v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t d\u1ea1ng t\u1ea5m l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 1.4401, nh\u01b0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong b\u1ea3ng b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"213\">C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/td>\n<td width=\"213\">Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, oC<\/td>\n<td width=\"213\">\u00a0Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u ra, oC<\/td>\n<td width=\"213\">\u00c1p l\u1ef1c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"213\">V\u00e1ng s\u1eefa<\/td>\n<td width=\"213\">30<\/td>\n<td width=\"213\">10<\/td>\n<td width=\"213\">Trung b\u00ecnh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"213\">S\u1eefa<\/td>\n<td width=\"213\">7<\/td>\n<td width=\"213\">30<\/td>\n<td width=\"213\">Cao<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"213\">X\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/td>\n<td width=\"213\">57<\/td>\n<td width=\"213\">14<\/td>\n<td width=\"213\">Th\u1ea5p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef \u1edf m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. R\u00f2 r\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m m\u1ecfng va ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi nhau t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m \u00e1p su\u1ea5t, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t m\u1ecfi tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ngang m\u1ecfng sau khi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u00e1p su\u1ea5t b\u1ecb x\u00f3i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi kim lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft cho th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t n\u00e0o x\u1ea3y ra. V\u00ec \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng n\u00ean hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00f3i m\u00f2n\/\u0103n m\u00f2n x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf ph\u00eda n\u00e0y. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh va ch\u1ea1m v\u1eadt l\u00fd gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m l\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u00e1p su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0102n m\u00f2n vi sinh v\u1eadt do n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ebfng<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2162 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Microbial-corrosion-caused-by-well-water.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"366\" height=\"454\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Microbial-corrosion-caused-by-well-water.png 366w, https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Microbial-corrosion-caused-by-well-water-242x300.png 242w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 366px) 100vw, 366px\" \/>Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ebfng. H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eaft trong n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ebfng kh\u00e1 cao, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u00e1c vi khu\u1ea9n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1eaft v\u00e0 g\u00e2y \u0103n m\u00f2n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1eaft kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ebfng nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m cho th\u1ee9c \u0103n ngon h\u01a1n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i, ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn sau khi l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ng. N\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ebfng c\u00f2n ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i vi sinh v\u1eadt ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n hi\u1ebfu kh\u00ed v\u00e0 k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed. Vi khu\u1ea9n hi\u1ebfu kh\u00ed li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1eaft oxy h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ion s\u1eaft, trong khi vi khu\u1ea9n k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1eaft l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c ion s\u1eaft. Hai ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n vi sinh v\u1eadt (MIC). C\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 vi khu\u1ea9n kh\u1eed axit sunfuric, vi khu\u1ea9n t\u1ea1o axit. Trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e0ng sinh h\u1ecdc, vi khu\u1ea9n hi\u1ebfu kh\u00ed v\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n k\u1ef5 kh\u00ed (d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<p>Khi d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd rau \u0111\u00f3ng h\u1ed9p (x\u1ea3 s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ngu\u1ed9i sau khi thanh tr\u00f9ng). Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea3y trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, \u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t 316L s\u1ebd b\u1ecb r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 trong v\u00f2ng s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng do nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ebfng l\u1ea1nh (d\u01b0\u1edbi 10 \u00b0 C), nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean 30 \u00b0 C v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i. So v\u1edbi Legionella, m\u00e0ng sinh h\u1ecdc \u0103n m\u00f2n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cao h\u01a1n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0102n m\u00f2n r\u1ed7 do kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng clo<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Natri hypochlorite th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9. N\u1ebfu n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 natri hypoclorit qu\u00e1 cao ho\u1eb7c th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng qu\u00e1 d\u00e0i, natri hypoclorit s\u1ebd g\u00e2y \u0103n m\u00f2n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ean 25oC.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>g\u00e3y x\u01b0\u01a1ng do \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 g\u00e3y x\u01b0\u01a1ng do \u0103n m\u00f2n do \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t clorua \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ean 60 \u00b0 C. Khi bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed9i, \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t k\u00e9o v\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng clorua t\u0103ng l\u00ean th\u00ec nguy c\u01a1 c\u0169ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean. So v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed9i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ee7, \u1ed1ng \u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u00e3y do \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t clorua. M\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p h\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng may th\u1eb3ng d\u00f9ng trong ng\u00e0nh s\u1eefa nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u v\u1edbi clorua, do \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t k\u00e9o \u1edf m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft g\u00e2y ra do u\u1ed1n cong trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c, b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t d\u1ea1ng \u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ee9t do \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t clorua. C\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t do \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t clorua c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf m\u1ed9t b\u00ean v\u1ecf n\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 60 \u00b0 C. AISI 304 v\u00e0 316 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 g\u00e3y do \u0103n m\u00f2n do \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb bay h\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01a1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ferit c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thay th\u1ebf. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 Ferritic AISI 441 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 AISI 439. Trong s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 v\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 439. <a href=\"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/materials\/austenitic-stainless-steel\/304-304l-stainless-steel\/\">th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304<\/a> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 439 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng d\u00e0i h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304: Th\u00e9p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn khi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 3 m\u00e9t. H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a <a href=\"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/materials\/austenitic-stainless-steel\/304-304l-stainless-steel\/\">304<\/a> th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 l\u00e0 1,8 \u00d7 10-2 mm \/ moC, l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p cacbon. Khi b\u00ecnh \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng cao. \u1ed0ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 AISI 304 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7 sau khi h\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 439: ASTM439 l\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ferritic \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng titan (17% ~ 19%Cr) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb bay h\u01a1i ho\u1eb7c cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u00ean t\u1edbi 5 m. Nguy c\u01a1 g\u00e3y x\u01b0\u01a1ng do \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t s\u1ebd l\u1edbn h\u01a1n khi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u1ed1ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 7 m, n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 clorua cao v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed9i cao. Kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y do \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t \u1edf c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ferit nh\u01b0 AISI 439. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u1ebd h\u1edf, n\u1ebfu kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1ec7 sinh cho ph\u00e9p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi v\u1ecf l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p carbon d\u00e0y v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh trong c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y m\u1ecfng. \u1ed0ng th\u00e9p AISI439. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, th\u00e9p carbon c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cat\u1ed1t cho \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ecfng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 trong ng\u00e0nh ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn s\u1eefa v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ebfng. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y bia, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thanh tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng, [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2159","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2159","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2159"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2159\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2163,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2159\/revisions\/2163"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2159"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2159"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2159"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}