{"id":2153,"date":"2021-07-12T08:55:30","date_gmt":"2021-07-12T08:55:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/?p=2153"},"modified":"2021-07-12T09:03:25","modified_gmt":"2021-07-12T09:03:25","slug":"the-choice-of-stainless-steel-material-for-brewery","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/the-choice-of-stainless-steel-material-for-brewery\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u inox cho nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y bia"},"content":{"rendered":"

Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong ng\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng do kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh. So v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed, c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t bia th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng CIP (l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7). \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960, quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t bia c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00f9ng v\u00e0 th\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 AISI 304, ho\u1eb7c AISI 316<\/a>v\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 song c\u00f4ng 2205. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a 2205<\/a> th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi AISI 304<\/a> trong khi c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 t\u1ea1o ra v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t clorua khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n 60oC. M\u1ea1ch nha nghi\u1ec1n, h\u00e8m v\u00e0 bia kh\u00f4ng \u0103n m\u00f2n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f4i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t clorua khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean 60oC. Nh\u00ecn chung dung d\u1ecbch pha c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 AISI 304. Ch\u1ec9 trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t bia s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ec1m m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 AISI 316 do h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng clorua cao.<\/p>\n

V\u1ebft n\u1ee9t clorua c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ecfng do ch\u00fang d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng. N\u1ebfu b\u00ecnh b\u1ecb r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 do ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c do t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng m\u1ecfi cao. CIP (l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng) kh\u00f4ng \u0103n m\u00f2n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, nh\u01b0ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t clorua tr\u00ean th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh ngu\u1ed9i cao. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng do \u0103n m\u00f2n m\u1ecfi v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhau. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 \u0103n m\u00f2n m\u1ecfi trong b\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf th\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ef1ng ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c. Sau khi nghi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111un n\u00f3ng, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch ra kh\u1ecfi v\u1ecf v\u00e0 th\u1ea3i ra ngo\u00e0i qua c\u1eeda kho ch\u1ee9a ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c. T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng l\u1edbn t\u1eeb h\u1ea1t th\u1ea3i ra t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t \u0103n m\u00f2n m\u1ecfi d\u1ecdc theo m\u00e9p m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi mi\u1ec7ng kho. R\u00f2 r\u1ec9 \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i l\u00e0 do ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00e9m. H\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ef1ng d\u1ecbch nha c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t t\u1eeb ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o trong do n\u1ee9t clorua v\u00e0 m\u1ecfi do nhi\u1ec7t. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t h\u00e0n b\u00ean trong cao trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n \u1ed1ng xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c gia nhi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u00e0nh b\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9<\/h4>\n

AISI 304 ho\u1eb7c th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 316<\/a> c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon <0,08% v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m n\u1ebfu ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 500 ~ 800oC trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n. Do \u0111\u00f3, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a \u201cv\u00f9ng ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec7t\u201d d\u1ecdc theo m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh cacbua crom \u1edf ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1t, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn crom k\u00e9m \u1edf ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1t, d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 \u0103n m\u00f2n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng d\u00e0y (BBB 0 2 ~ 3 mm). \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ecdn \u201cth\u00e9p h\u00e0n\u201d: ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p m\u00e1c L, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 304L<\/a>, 316L, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 0,03%; Th\u00e9p \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh titan: 321.316 Ti.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

X\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/h4>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp oxit b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0103n m\u00f2n trong nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y bia th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra do \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o (h\u00e0n, x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t, m\u00e0i\u2026), l\u1edbp oxit crom th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng, do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n. Khi h\u00e0n inox kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u00e0u \u1ee7 n\u00f3ng. Nh\u1eefng m\u00e0u \u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7t x\u1ed1p n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i oxit kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 c\u00e1c ion nh\u01b0 ion clorua, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kim lo\u1ea1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ch\u00fang. T\u1ea9y ho\u1eb7c th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u1edbp oxit c\u0169, l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i m\u00e0u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00e1c, do \u0111\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p m\u00e0ng oxit crom th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u00e2m c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch axit h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p axit nitric v\u00e0 axit hydrofluoric, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng phun ho\u1eb7c r\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sau khi t\u1ea9y, m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong v\u00f2ng 24 gi\u1edd do ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a crom v\u1edbi oxy trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, nh\u01b0ng trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng axit nitric.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

h\u00e0n<\/h4>\n

C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0103n m\u00f2n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y bia v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt trong m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u, l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng, g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 v\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e0 kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u00e0n v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00e9m v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trong c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e2m n\u00f3ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 do \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng b\u1ecb h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0o l\u1edbp oxit trong su\u1ed1t, do \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp oxit. V\u00ec c\u00e1c m\u00e0u c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 kh\u00fac x\u1ea1 kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00ean l\u1edbp oxit tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e0u xanh lam ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng xanh v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng kh\u00e1c. L\u1edbp oxit d\u00e0y h\u01a1n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7 h\u01a1n l\u1edbp oxit m\u1ecfng trong su\u1ed1t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, do \u0111\u00f3, l\u1edbp oxit d\u00e0y h\u01a1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1m d\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, m\u00e0u r\u01a1m nh\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u00e0u ph\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 xanh \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p \u1ee7 n\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kim lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n. S\u1ef1 \u0103n m\u00f2n th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 kim nh\u1ecf \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u\/cu\u1ed1i m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7 kim nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c va ch\u1ea1m kh\u00e1c \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u\/cu\u1ed1i. S\u1ef1 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/h4>\n

\u0110\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc. Nh\u00ecn chung, ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p bia v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1ec7 sinh tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7 s\u00e1ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. B\u1edfi v\u00ec qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u1ee7 s\u00e1ng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9 b\u00ean trong nh\u1eefng \u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u1eeb khi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 m\u00e0u ph\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eaft. T\u1ea5m inox th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t 2B, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ed1t. Trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y bia, \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 h\u00e0n th\u1eb3ng, c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ecfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t, v\u1edbi l\u1edbp ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n 2B v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00e0 l\u1edbp ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c (ch\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng) \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. \u1ed0ng \u00e9p \u0111\u00f9n b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y bia; ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong ng\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng do kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh. So v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed, c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t bia th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng CIP (l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7). \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ed1t [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2156,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2153","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2153","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2153"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2153\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2158,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2153\/revisions\/2158"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2156"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2153"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2153"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2153"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}