{"id":2253,"date":"2021-08-11T05:57:12","date_gmt":"2021-08-11T05:57:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/?p=2253"},"modified":"2024-08-07T02:11:10","modified_gmt":"2024-08-07T02:11:10","slug":"stainless-steel-pipe-grades-for-oil-and-gas-field","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/tr\/stainless-steel-pipe-grades-for-oil-and-gas-field\/","title":{"rendered":"Petrol ve gaz sahas\u0131 i\u00e7in paslanmaz \u00e7elik boru \u00e7e\u015fitleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

Genel olarak, baz\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7elikler H2S i\u00e7eren a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 petrol ve gaz ortam\u0131 gereksinimlerini kar\u015f\u0131layabilir, ancak Martensitik paslanmaz \u00e7eliklerin ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu CO2 veya H2S i\u00e7eren a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ortamda, CO2 veya H2S ile birlikte CO i\u00e7eren ortamda veya Cl i\u00e7eren ortamda \u00e7ift katmanl\u0131 paslanmaz \u00e7elik veya hatta nikel bazl\u0131 ala\u015f\u0131mlar kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. API 5CT'nin 1988 versiyonu, a\u015f\u0131nmaya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 boru \u00e7eli\u011fi s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131 ekledi ve Martensitik paslanmaz \u00e7eliklerin 9Cr ve 13Cr de\u011ferlerini i\u00e7eren C75 \u00e7elik s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 belirledi.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Y\u00fcksek mukavemet <\/strong>M<\/strong>Ya\u011f kuyusu i\u00e7in artensitik paslanmaz \u00e7elik boru <\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>Ana gaz olarak CO2 bulunan \u0131slak ortamda genellikle yerel ya\u011f kuyusu borusu korozyonlar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr; \u00f6rne\u011fin \u00e7ukur korozyonu ve intergranular korozyon gibi. Cl \u2013 varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumunda yerel korozyon daha da yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131r. Genellikle Karbondioksit bas\u0131nc\u0131 0,021MPa'dan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011funda korozyonun g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilebilece\u011fi kabul edilir ve karbon dioksit bas\u0131nc\u0131 0,021MPa'ya ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda korozyon meydana gelir. CO2 oran\u0131 0,05Mpa'dan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011funda korozyonun neden olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

S\u00fcrekli sal\u0131ml\u0131 bir madde kullan\u0131larak CO2 korozyonunu \u00f6nlemenin etkisi s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 oldu\u011fu kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve 9%-%Cr \u00e7elik gibi y\u00fcksek kromlu \u00e7eliklerin etkisi daha iyi olmaktad\u0131r. 1970'lerden beri baz\u0131 do\u011fal gaz kuyular\u0131nda CO2 korozyonunu \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in 9Cr ve 13Cr% paslanmaz \u00e7elik borular kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Amerikan Petrol Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc (API) standart kullan\u0131m i\u00e7in 9Cr ve 13Cr martensitik paslanmaz \u00e7elik borular\u0131 (API L80-9Cr ve L80-13Cr) \u00f6neriyor. 13Cr \u00e7eli\u011fi CO2 korozyonuna kar\u015f\u0131 daha iyi diren\u00e7 g\u00f6sterirken, 9Cr-1Mo \u00e7eli\u011fi H2S stres korozyon \u00e7atlamas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 daha iyi dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6steriyor. Temel olarak, H2S CO2 atmosferinde mevcut olmas\u0131 durumunda hi\u00e7bir \u00e7elik uygun de\u011fildir. H2S CO2 petrol kuyusunda bulundu\u011fu durumlarda, petrol kuyusu borusunun SSCC direnci m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca artt\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131 ve homojen martensit elde edilmesi i\u00e7in s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme ve temperleme \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flemine ba\u015fvurulmal\u0131, sertlik HRC22'nin alt\u0131na m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca indirgelemelidir.<\/p>\n

Ya\u011f kuyusunun paslanmaz \u00e7elik s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Derece<\/td>\nC<\/td>\nMo<\/td>\nCr<\/td>\nNi<\/td>\nCu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9Cr<\/td>\n\u22640.15<\/td>\n0.9-1.1<\/td>\n8.0-10.0<\/td>\n\u22640.5<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
13Cr<\/td>\n0.15-0.22<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n12.0-14.0<\/td>\n\u22640.5<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SUP9Cr<\/td>\n\u22640.03<\/td>\n1.5-2.5<\/td>\n12.0-13.5<\/td>\n4.0-6.0<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SUP13Cr<\/td>\n\u22640.03<\/td>\n1.5-2.5<\/td>\n14.0-16.0<\/td>\n5.0-7.0<\/td>\n0.5-1.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Ancak API 13Cr \u00e7elik borular\u0131n CO2 ve SSC (sulfide stress cracking) dayan\u0131m\u0131nda \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azalma ve kullan\u0131m \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u0131salmas\u0131 ya\u015fanmaktad\u0131r. API 13Cr \u00e7elik borular\u0131n CO2 ve SSC (s\u00fclf\u00fcr stres \u00e7atlamas\u0131) dayan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla Ni ve Mo ilave edilmi\u015f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu SUP13Cr \u00e7elik borular geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Bu borular\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131 Martensit \u00e7eli\u011fi olup ferrit miktar\u0131 %5'ten azd\u0131r. Bu borular y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda, y\u00fcksek CO2 konsantrasyonlar\u0131nda ve az miktarda hidrojen s\u00fclf\u00fcr\u00fc i\u00e7eren ortamda kullan\u0131labilir. Karbon oran\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek veya Cr ve Ni ilave etmek suretiyle bu borular\u0131n korozyon direnci art\u0131r\u0131labilir ve \u00e7elik borunun korozyon direnci pit \u00e7\u00f6kmesine kar\u015f\u0131 iyile\u015ftirilebilir. API 13Cr \u00e7elik boruyla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, CO2 ve SSC dayan\u0131m\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, ayn\u0131 a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ortamda API 13Cr \u00e7elik borunun korozyon h\u0131z\u0131 1 mm\/a'dan fazlad\u0131r, ancak SUP13Cr \u00e7elik borunun korozyon h\u0131z\u0131 0,125 mm\/a'ya d\u00fc\u015fmektedir. Derin ve ultra-derin kuyular\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesiyle birlikte petrol kuyusu s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da artmaya devam etmektedir. E\u011fer petrol kuyusu s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha da 180\u00b0C'ye kadar art\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa, SUP13Cr petrol kuyusu borusunun korozyon direnci de d\u00fc\u015fmeye ba\u015flar ve bu da uzun s\u00fcreli kullan\u0131m gereksinimlerini kar\u015f\u0131layamaz. Geleneksel malzeme se\u00e7imi prensibine g\u00f6re, \u00e7iftli paslanmaz \u00e7elik veya Nikel bazl\u0131 ala\u015f\u0131mlar se\u00e7ilmelidir.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

M<\/strong>artensitik paslanmaz \u00e7elik<\/strong>\u00a0Petrol boru hatt\u0131 i\u00e7in boru<\/strong><\/h3>\n

The boru borusu<\/a> Korozyona dayan\u0131kl\u0131 ya\u011f ve gaz ta\u015f\u0131ma i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 korozyona dayan\u0131kl\u0131 malzeme kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Eskiden boru genellikle y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda korozyona dayan\u0131kl\u0131 malzemeler veya s\u00fcrekli sal\u0131n\u0131m yapan ajanlar ile enjekte edilirdi. Bu y\u00f6ntem korozyon direnci a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan karars\u0131zd\u0131r ve \u00e7evre kirlili\u011fine neden olabilir. \u00c7ift fazl\u0131 paslanmaz \u00e7elik iyi korozyon direnci g\u00f6sterse de maliyeti y\u00fcksek ve kaynak s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kontrol edilmesi zor oldu\u011fundan, tesisin in\u015fas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda kaynak \u00f6ncesi \u0131s\u0131tma ve kaynak sonras\u0131 \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flem yapmak zorluklar yarat\u0131r. CO2 ortam\u0131 i\u00e7in 11Cr martensitik boru ve CO2+ izotoplu H2S ortam\u0131 i\u00e7in 12Cr martensitik boru kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Boru iyi kaynak yapabilme \u00f6zelli\u011fine sahiptir; \u00f6n \u0131s\u0131tma ve kaynak sonras\u0131 \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flem yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in mekanik \u00f6zellikleri X80 \u00e7elik s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na e\u015fde\u011ferdir ve korozyon direnci gecikmeli sal\u0131n\u0131m ajanl\u0131 veya \u00e7ift fazl\u0131 paslanmaz \u00e7elik boru ile ayn\u0131 seviyededir.<\/p>\n

Boru hatt\u0131 i\u00e7in paslanmaz \u00e7elik boru<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
Derece<\/td>\nC<\/td>\nCr<\/td>\nNi<\/td>\nMo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11Cr<\/td>\n\u22640.03<\/td>\n11<\/td>\n1.5<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12Cr<\/td>\n\u22640.03<\/td>\n12<\/td>\n5.0<\/td>\n2.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Petrol end\u00fcstrisi i\u00e7in \u00e7ift y\u00f6nl\u00fc paslanmaz \u00e7elik boru<\/h3>\n

CO2 i\u00e7eren petrol kuyusunun s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 200\u00b0C'yi a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, martensitik paslanmaz \u00e7elik SUP 15Cr'nin korozyon direnci gereksinimlerini kar\u015f\u0131layamayaca\u011f\u0131 gibi, CO2 ve Cl'ye kar\u015f\u0131 iyi diren\u00e7li \u00e7ift ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 paslanmaz \u00e7elik de gereklidir. Halihaz\u0131rda, 22Cr<\/a> Ve 25Cr \u00e7ift tabakal\u0131 (Austenitik ve Ferritik) paslanmaz \u00e7elikler, CO2 kuyular\u0131nda 200\u00b0C'nin \u00fczerindeki s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda uygundur; \u00fcreticiler ise korozyon direncini ayarlamak i\u00e7in Cr ve Ni i\u00e7eri\u011fini ayarlarlar. \u00c7ift tabakal\u0131 \u00e7elik, ferritik faz\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra austenitik fazdan da olu\u015fur. Cr ve Ni'nin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Mo ve N de korozyon direncini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in eklenir. \u00c7ift tabakal\u0131 paslanmaz \u00e7elik, y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda iyi korozyon direncine sahiptir; martensitik paslanmaz \u00e7elik ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda NACE TM 0177-A testinde H2S stres korozyon \u00e7atlamas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 daha iyi diren\u00e7 g\u00f6sterir; A \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi, 85%SMYS y\u00fckleme ortam\u0131nda, martensitik paslanmaz \u00e7elik yaln\u0131zca 10kPa H2S k\u0131smi bas\u0131n\u00e7 testini ge\u00e7ebilir; 25Cr \u00e7ift tabakal\u0131 paslanmaz \u00e7elik ise 100kPa H2S k\u0131smi bas\u0131n\u00e7 testini ge\u00e7ebilir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Genel olarak, CO2 ve H2S ortamlar\u0131nda veya H2S k\u0131smi bas\u0131n\u00e7 kritik de\u011fere ula\u015fmaz ancak Cl- \u00e7ok y\u00fcksektir; 13Cr \u00e7eli\u011fi (super 13Cr \u00e7eli\u011fi de dahil) bu gereksinimleri kar\u015f\u0131layamaz. 22Cr<\/a> Dupleks paslanmaz \u00e7elik (ASF 2205) veya s\u00fcper dupleks paslanmaz \u00e7elik 25Cr; Ni i\u00e7eri\u011fi y\u00fcksek olan, 20% Cr ve Ni i\u00e7eren ala\u015f\u0131mlar (G3, ala\u015f\u0131m 825), daha fazla Ni i\u00e7eren ala\u015f\u0131mlar (Ni-bazl\u0131 ve Fe-Ni bazl\u0131 ala\u015f\u0131mlar30%) gereklidir.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Generally speaking, some low alloy steels can meet the requirements for corrosive oil and gas environment containing H2S, but the corrosive environment containing CO2 or H2S, CO2, Cl – coexistence where the Martensitic stainless steel need, duplex stainless steel or even nickel-based alloy. The 1988 version of API 5CT added corrosion-resistant tubing steel grades, specified […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2227,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2253","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t