{"id":2167,"date":"2021-07-15T06:50:11","date_gmt":"2021-07-15T06:50:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/?p=2167"},"modified":"2021-07-15T06:54:20","modified_gmt":"2021-07-15T06:54:20","slug":"nickel-austenitic-stainless-steel-grades","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/tr\/nickel-austenitic-stainless-steel-grades\/","title":{"rendered":"Nikel Austenitik paslanmaz \u00e7elik \u00e7e\u015fitleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nikel, pahal\u0131 bir ala\u015f\u0131m elementi oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir ve ayn\u0131 zamanda stres korozyon direnci ve austenite yap\u0131s\u0131 gerektiren baz\u0131 uygulamalarda vazge\u00e7ilmezdir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k ortamlar\u0131nda, austenitic yap\u0131da olan \u00e7eliklerde esneklik direnci \u00f6nemlidir. Paslanmaz \u00e7elikler<\/a> Geleneksel austenitik paslanmaz \u00e7eliklere benzer \u015fekilde, ikiz s\u0131n\u0131r, daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck y\u0131\u011f\u0131lma hatas\u0131 enerjisi nedeniyle nikel a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zengin austenitik paslanmaz \u00e7eliklerin \u00f6nemli bir \u00f6zelli\u011fidir. Austenitik paslanmaz \u00e7elikler stres korozyon \u00e7atlamas\u0131na (SCC) e\u011filimlidir. Bununla birlikte, nikel i\u00e7eri\u011fi 20%'yi a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda stres korozyon direnci b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde artar. Fe-Ni-Cr ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131nda krom i\u00e7eri\u011fi 16%-21% olanlarda stres korozyon e\u015fi\u011fi (105\u00b0C, 22% NaCl sulu \u00e7\u00f6zelti) \u00fczerindeki stres yo\u011funlu\u011fu \u00fczerindeki etkisi incelenmi\u015ftir. Nikel a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zengin austenitik paslanmaz \u00e7elik (NiASS), paslanmaz \u00e7eliklerin ayr\u0131 bir s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir. Asl\u0131nda, nikel i\u00e7eri\u011fi 30'u a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda biphasik ve ferritik paslanmaz \u00e7eliklerin stres korozyon direnci, biphasik ve ferritik paslanmaz \u00e7eliklerin direnciyle k\u0131yaslanabilir%. Nikel a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zengin austenitik paslanmaz \u00e7eliklerin birka\u00e7 s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalitesi, 30'u a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda stres korozyon direnci, biphasik ve ferritik paslanmaz \u00e7eliklerin direnciyle k\u0131yaslanabilir. Paslanmaz \u00e7elikler<\/a> A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tabloda listelenmi\u015ftir. S\u00fcper austenitik paslanmaz \u00e7elikler 254SMO ve 654SMO, \u00f6zellikle petrol ve gaz end\u00fcstrisi i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tipik uygulamalar aras\u0131nda deniz suyu so\u011futma, hamuru beyazlatma ve hidrolik ve alet boru tesisatlar\u0131 yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ni-Austenitik paslanmaz \u00e7elikler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131m<\/td>\nC<\/td>\nSi<\/td>\nMn<\/td>\nCr<\/td>\nNi<\/td>\nMo<\/td>\nW<\/td>\nCo<\/td>\nCu<\/td>\nNb<\/td>\nN<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
254SMo<\/td>\n0.01<\/td>\n0.8<\/td>\n1.0<\/td>\n20<\/td>\n18<\/td>\n6.1<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n0.7<\/td>\n<\/td>\n0.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
654SMo<\/td>\n0.01<\/td>\n<\/td>\n3.5<\/td>\n24<\/td>\n22<\/td>\n7.3<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n0.5<\/td>\n<\/td>\n0.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sanicro 25<\/td>\n0.1<\/td>\n0.2<\/td>\n0.5<\/td>\n22.5<\/td>\n25<\/td>\n<\/td>\n3.6<\/td>\n3.5<\/td>\n3.0<\/td>\n0.5<\/td>\n0.23<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sanicro 28<\/td>\n0.02<\/td>\n0.6<\/td>\n2.0<\/td>\n27<\/td>\n31<\/td>\n3.5<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n1.0<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131m 800<\/td>\n0.07<\/td>\n0.6<\/td>\n0.6<\/td>\n20.5<\/td>\n30.5<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
353MA<\/td>\n0.05<\/td>\n1.6<\/td>\n1.5<\/td>\n25<\/td>\n35<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n0.16<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131m 825<\/td>\n0.03<\/td>\n0.5<\/td>\n0.8<\/td>\n20<\/td>\n38.5<\/td>\n2.6<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131m 625<\/td>\n0.03<\/td>\n0.5<\/td>\n0.5<\/td>\n21<\/td>\nBal<\/td>\n8.5<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131m 690<\/td>\n0.02<\/td>\n0.5<\/td>\n0.5<\/td>\n30<\/td>\n60<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131m 600<\/td>\n0.05<\/td>\n0.4<\/td>\n0.8<\/td>\n16.5<\/td>\nBal<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n0.5<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

700 \u00b0C'ye kadar olan kazanlarda kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere tasarlanan SANICRO 25, 22Cr-25Ni ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ala\u015f\u0131m, iyi gerilme k\u0131r\u0131lma dayan\u0131m\u0131 ve y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k korozyon direncine sahip oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in s\u00fcper \u0131s\u0131t\u0131c\u0131lar ve yeniden \u0131s\u0131t\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in uygundur. Asl\u0131nda, SANICRO 25'in gerilme k\u0131r\u0131lma dayan\u0131m\u0131, 600~750 \u00b0C aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7o\u011fu \u00f6stenitik paslanmaz \u00e7elikten \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u00c7ok a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 asidik ortamlarda, Sanicro 28 genellikle en iyi se\u00e7enektir. Bu ala\u015f\u0131m, boru, kovan ve asit gaz\u0131 kaplamal\u0131 y\u00fcksek yo\u011funluklu sondaj kuyular\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r; di\u011fer uygulamalar aras\u0131nda ise \u0131s\u0131t\u0131c\u0131lar, pompa sistemleri ve fosforik asit tesislerinde kullan\u0131lan pompalar ve kaplar yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131m 800 genellikle 550 ile 1100\u00b0C aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131cakl\u0131k aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu s\u0131cakl\u0131k aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda m\u00fckemmel esneme direnci, iyi y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k korozyon direnci ve y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k dayan\u0131m\u0131 gerektiren malzemeler kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu ala\u015f\u0131mlar ayr\u0131ca amonyak, metanol ve sivil gaz \u00fcretiminde giri\u015f ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f kapaklar\u0131nda ve vinil klor\u00fcr ve etilen \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131lan f\u0131r\u0131n borular\u0131nda da kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Di\u011fer uygulamalar aras\u0131nda, ak\u0131\u015fkan yakma yataklar\u0131nda ve termokupllar i\u00e7in susturucu borular\u0131 ve koruyucu k\u0131l\u0131flar gibi \u0131s\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fim borular\u0131 ve radyasyon borular\u0131 yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n

25Cr-35Ni ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 353Ma, sentetik gazlar\u0131n karb\u00fcrle\u015fme ve azot emilimi potansiyel olarak sorunlu oldu\u011fu ortamlarda i\u015flenen \u00e7atlama f\u0131r\u0131nlar\u0131nda ve reformasyon t\u00fcplerinde kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Krom i\u00e7eri\u011fi daha y\u00fcksek olan di\u011fer alternatifler olsa da, 353 MA en iyi se\u00e7imdir. Bunun bir nedeni, \u00e7ok stabil bir y\u00fczey oksit tabakas\u0131 olu\u015fturmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan Ce elementini i\u00e7eren olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131m 690 y\u00fczde 60 nikel i\u00e7erir ve esas olarak n\u00fckleer santrallerdeki buhar jenerat\u00f6rlerinin boru hatlar\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 365\u00b0C olup, bu s\u0131cakl\u0131kta tahri\u015f-korozyon \u00e7atlamas\u0131 (grain-to-grain stress corrosion crack) potansiyel bir sorun olu\u015fturur. Belirli servis ko\u015fullar\u0131nda, al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131m 690 neredeyse korozyona kar\u015f\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r ve bu nedenle tercih edilen ala\u015f\u0131m olarak kabul edilir.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Nikel a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zengin Austenitik paslanmaz \u00e7elik 254SMO'nun sanat eserlerinde de kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ilgin\u00e7tir. Carl Milles'in \"God, Over the Rainbow\" adl\u0131 heykeli 1995 y\u0131l\u0131nda Stockholm'\u00fcn Nak Plaj\u0131'n\u0131n g\u00fcney k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda yerle\u015ftirildi. Heykel yakla\u015f\u0131k 23 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011findedir ve her g\u00fcn \u00e7ok say\u0131da denizci ge\u00e7en \u00fcnl\u00fc bir manzarad\u0131r. \u00c7evredeki deniz suyu tuz i\u00e7erir; klor\u00fcr y\u00fczeyde korozyona neden olmakta \u00e7ok kolayd\u0131r; y\u00fcksek mukavemetli s\u00fcper Austenitik paslanmaz \u00e7elik 254SMO bu ortam i\u00e7in \u00e7ok uygundur.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nickel is known to be an expensive alloying element and is essential in some applications where both stress corrosion resistance and austenite structure are required. For example, creep resistance is important in high temperature environments, where austenitic stainless steels are needed. Similar to the traditional austenitic stainless steels, the twin boundary is a significant feature […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2171,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2167","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-social-activities"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t