{"id":2226,"date":"2021-07-30T09:15:03","date_gmt":"2021-07-30T09:15:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/?p=2226"},"modified":"2021-07-30T09:15:03","modified_gmt":"2021-07-30T09:15:03","slug":"the-corrosion-prevention-of-above-ground-pipeline","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/pl\/the-corrosion-prevention-of-above-ground-pipeline\/","title":{"rendered":"Zapobieganie korozji w przypadku ruroci\u0105g\u00f3w na zewn\u0105trz budynku"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Korozja <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wldsteel.com\/product\/above-ground-pre-insulated-steel-pipe\/\">kopanie podziemnych ruroci\u0105g\u00f3w<\/a> Jest spowodowany przez po\u0142\u0105czenie dzia\u0142ania korozyjnych jon\u00f3w (Cl-, S2-), CO2, bakterii i rozpuszczonego tlenu. Rozpuszczony tlen jest silnym utleniaczem; \u0142atwo utlenia jony \u017celaza, tworz\u0105c osady, a zale\u017cno\u015b\u0107 mi\u0119dzy rozpuszczonym tlenem a szybko\u015bci\u0105 korozji jest liniowa. Bakterie redukuj\u0105ce siarczany b\u0119d\u0105 wytwarza\u0107 siarczan siarkowy w wodzie, co mo\u017ce prowadzi\u0107 do p\u0119kania w wyniku oddzia\u0142ywania wodoru z przewod\u00f3w oraz korozji napr\u0119\u017ce\u0144owej, a produkty korozji stanowi\u0105ce siarczan \u017celaza i przyklejaj\u0105ce si\u0119 do powierzchni stali s\u0105 s\u0142abe, \u0142atwo odpadaj\u0105 i stanowi\u0105 potencjalne zagro\u017cenie jako katoda, tworz\u0105c aktywn\u0105 bateri\u0119 mikro i matryc\u0119 stalow\u0105, a tak\u017ce nadal wytwarzaj\u0105 korozj\u0119 na pod\u0142o\u017cu stalowym. Bakterie saprofityczne przyczepiaj\u0105 si\u0119 do ruroci\u0105gu i powoduj\u0105 zanieczyszczenie oraz zatykanie ruroci\u0105gu, a tak\u017ce wytwarzaj\u0105 kom\u00f3rki st\u0119\u017cenia tlenu i powoduj\u0105 korozj\u0119 przewod\u00f3w. Mi\u0119dzy mieszanin\u0105 oleju i wody w ruroci\u0105gu mo\u017ce dochodzi\u0107 do wch\u0142oni\u0119cia przez nie w\u00f3d odrzutowych po separacji. W zwi\u0105zku z tym przy wyborze \u015brodk\u00f3w antykorozyjnych dla ruroci\u0105g\u00f3w naziemnych w z\u0142o\u017cach ropy nale\u017cy uwzgl\u0119dni\u0107 wp\u0142yw na ochron\u0119 \u015brodowiska, trudno\u015b\u0107 w budowie, koszty oraz inne czynniki. Niekt\u00f3re powszechnie stosowane \u015brodki antykorozyjne dla ruroci\u0105g\u00f3w naziemnych w z\u0142o\u017cach ropy s\u0105:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Pow\u0142oka<\/h3>\n<p>Na ruroci\u0105gach stosowane s\u0105 wiele pow\u0142ok antykorozyjnych, a ich dzia\u0142anie r\u00f3\u017cni si\u0119 od siebie. Wyb\u00f3r odpowiednich pow\u0142ok mo\u017ce znacznie wyd\u0142u\u017cy\u0107 \u017cywotno\u015b\u0107 ruroci\u0105gu. W zale\u017cno\u015bci od \u015brodowiska korozyjnego, rodzaju medium transportuj\u0105cego oraz innych warunk\u00f3w nale\u017cy wybra\u0107 odpowiedni\u0105 pow\u0142ok\u0119. Powierzchnia zewn\u0119trzna ochronna jest pierwsz\u0105 i najwa\u017cniejsz\u0105 barier\u0105 nadziemnego rury stalowej; w tym celu stosuje si\u0119 g\u0142\u00f3wnie pow\u0142oki organiczne oraz pow\u0142oki metalowe (lub pow\u0142oki). Pow\u0142oki organiczne mo\u017cna podzieli\u0107 na \u017cywic\u0119 epoksydow\u0105, modyfikowan\u0105 epoksyd\u0105 fenolow\u0105, asfalt, smo\u0142\u0119 w\u0119gieln\u0105 i inne. Wyniki bada\u0144 pokazuj\u0105, \u017ce powierzchnia pow\u0142oki nie p\u0119ka podczas zanurzania w solance i oleju, a pow\u0142oka spe\u0142nia wymagania API RP 5L2 w zakresie przyczepno\u015bci i testu odrywania, co wskazuje na dobr\u0105 przyczepno\u015b\u0107 pow\u0142oki. Pow\u0142oka podgrzewana jest w temperaturze 250\u00b0C przez 30 minut, a nast\u0119pnie sch\u0142adzana wod\u0105 w temperaturze pokojowej. Powierzchnia pow\u0142oki nie p\u0119ka, nie p\u0119ka, nie ma p\u0119cherzy, nie traci przyczepno\u015bci itp., co oznacza, \u017ce pow\u0142oka ma dobr\u0105 odporno\u015b\u0107 na ciep\u0142o. Zgodnie z normami ASTM D522, ASTM D968 oraz innymi normami dotycz\u0105cymi badania gi\u0119cia i zu\u017cycia, pow\u0142oka ta charakteryzuje si\u0119 r\u00f3wnie\u017c dobr\u0105 odporno\u015bci\u0105 na gi\u0119cie i zu\u017cycie.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Ochrona katodyczna<\/h3>\n<p>Nie\u0142atwo pokry\u0107 wewn\u0119trzn\u0105 powierzchni\u0119 ruroci\u0105g\u00f3w o ma\u0142ym \u015brednicy (\u015brednica rury mniejsza ni\u017c 60 mm). Nawet je\u015bli pokrycie zostanie wykonane wewn\u0105trz budynku, trudno jest osi\u0105gn\u0105\u0107 100% ca\u0142kowite wyeliminowanie otwor\u00f3w. Ponadto pow\u0142oka wewn\u0119trzna rury cz\u0119sto nara\u017cana jest na zu\u017cycie w trakcie u\u017cytkowania, wi\u0119c zastosowanie ochrony katodowej mo\u017ce skutecznie ograniczy\u0107 przebicie korozji. Ochrona katodowa w postaci azbestowego anody jest najwcze\u015bniejszym rodzajem ochrony katodowej, kt\u00f3ra jest \u0142atwa w obs\u0142udze i nie wymaga zasilania elektrycznego. Popularnymi materia\u0142ami do produkcji azbestowych anod w Chinach s\u0105 magnez, cynk, aluminium oraz ich stopowe formy.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u0105d wyj\u015bciowy anody po\u015bwi\u0119conej jest zale\u017cny od jej kszta\u0142tu i wielko\u015bci. W badaniu laboratoryjnym magnezu, cynku oraz stopu aluminium pod k\u0105tem potencja\u0142u ochrony katodowej (w por\u00f3wnaniu z referencyjn\u0105 elektrod\u0105 miedzi\/sodyw\u0119glanu), trzy rodzaje stop\u00f3w spe\u0142niaj\u0105 wymagania specyfikacji ochrony katodowej stacji paliwowych (potencja\u0142 ochronny katodowy wynosi 0,85 V lub wi\u0119cej), przy czym anoda z stopu aluminium wykazuje najlepszy efekt ochronny, natomiast anoda z stopu magnezu i cynku jest s\u0142absza.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Specjalny \u0142\u0105cznik<\/h3>\n<p>Specjalny \u0142\u0105cznik zosta\u0142 zaprojektowany w celu naprawienia uszkodzenia pow\u0142oki styku spowodowanego spawaniem rur po pokryciu. Metody obejmuj\u0105: zastosowanie materia\u0142u izolacyjnego ogniotrwa\u0142ego i pow\u0142oki wysokotemperaturowej; lub zastosowanie nowego typu ceramicznego \u0142\u0105cznika o wysokiej temperaturze cieplnej, kt\u00f3ry charakteryzuje si\u0119 dobr\u0105 izolacj\u0105 ciepln\u0105 i odporno\u015bci\u0105 na korozj\u0119, a tak\u017ce wysok\u0105 odporno\u015bci\u0105 na zmiany temperatury w przypadku drastycznych waha\u0144 parametr\u00f3w wytrzyma\u0142o\u015bciowych i przepuszczalno\u015bci, jednak jego wad\u0105 jest s\u0142aba wytrzyma\u0142o\u015b\u0107 i twardo\u015b\u0107. Testy laboratoryjne pokazuj\u0105, \u017ce w warunkach drastycznych zmian temperatury odporno\u015b\u0107 na p\u0119kni\u0119cia i przepuszczalno\u015b\u0107 \u0142\u0105cznika mog\u0105 spe\u0142nia\u0107 wymagania. Jednak przy zapewnieniu wytrzyma\u0142o\u015bci i twardo\u015bci grubo\u015b\u0107 \u015bcianki \u0142\u0105cznika jest zbyt du\u017ca, a zmiana \u015brednicy wewn\u0119trznej mo\u017ce wp\u0142ywa\u0107 na normaln\u0105 budow\u0119 konstrukcji. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wldsteel.com\/product\/above-ground-pre-insulated-steel-pipe\/\">rura ruroci\u0105gowa<\/a>. U\u017cycie materia\u0142\u00f3w izolacyjnych twardych i po\u0142\u0105cze\u0144 pokrytych wysokotemperaturow\u0105 pow\u0142ok\u0105 pozwala w pe\u0142ni spe\u0142ni\u0107 wymagania dotycz\u0105ce u\u017cytkowania.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The corrosion of above-ground pipelines is caused by the combined action of corrosive ions (Cl-, S2-), CO2, bacteria and dissolved oxygen. Dissolved oxygen is a strong oxidant, it is easy to oxidize iron ions to form precipitation, and the relationship between dissolved oxygen and corrosion rate is linear. Sulfate-reducing bacteria will the existence of the [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2227,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2226","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Therefore, when choosing anti-corrosion measures for the above-ground pipelines in the oil fields, the protection effect, construction difficulty, cost and other factors should be considered.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"WLD Stainless\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/pl\/the-corrosion-prevention-of-above-ground-pipeline\/\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" 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