Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s pr\u016fmyslovou nerezovou ocel\u00ed m\u00e1 l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e1 nerezov\u00e1 ocel p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed po\u017eadavky na chemick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed, proto\u017ee jej\u00ed hlavn\u00ed vlastnosti sni\u017euj\u00ed rozpou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed kovov\u00fdch iont\u016f a zabra\u0148uj\u00ed lok\u00e1ln\u00ed korozi, jako je mezikrystalov\u00e1 koroze a koroze pod nap\u011bt\u00edm. Obsah leguj\u00edc\u00edch prvk\u016f, jako je Ni a Cr, je vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 nerezov\u00e9 oceli (obvykle horn\u00ed hranice b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 nerezov\u00e9 oceli), zat\u00edmco obsah ne\u010distot, jako je S a P, je ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 nerezov\u00e9 oceli. Po l\u00e9ta byla l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e1 nerezov\u00e1 ocel preferovan\u00fdm materi\u00e1lem pro chirurgick\u00e9 aplikace, zejm\u00e9na v situac\u00edch kritick\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010de a chirurgie. Prvek Ni a Cr se vyzna\u010duje vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed korozn\u00ed odolnost\u00ed, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje jeho pou\u017eit\u00ed pro \u00fa\u010dely, kde jsou vy\u017eadov\u00e1ny ortopedick\u00e9 implant\u00e1ty, \u00fastn\u00ed dutina, l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstroje. Nerezov\u00e1 ocel, typ slitiny Ni-Cr, nab\u00edzej\u00edc\u00ed \u0159adu v\u00fdhod ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s nerezovou ocel\u00ed obecn\u00e9 jakosti. Typ slitiny pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 nerezov\u00e9 oceli pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v chirurgick\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u00edch je rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed pro schopnost n\u00e1stroje odol\u00e1vat korozi a z\u016fstat bez vnit\u0159n\u00edch chyb a mezer.<\/p>\n
Pro l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely lze pou\u017e\u00edt mnoho nerezov\u00fdch ocel\u00ed, z nich\u017e nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je austenitick\u00e1 316 (AISI 316L), zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako \u201echirurgick\u00e1 ocel\u201c. AISI 301 je nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd kov pro v\u00fdrobu l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch pru\u017ein. Mezi dal\u0161\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 nerezov\u00e9 oceli pro l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed 420, 440 a 17-4PH. Tyto martenzitick\u00e9 nerezov\u00e9 oceli nejsou tak odoln\u00e9 v\u016f\u010di korozi jako austenitick\u00e9 nerezov\u00e9 oceli 316, ale maj\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed tvrdost. Proto se z\u00e1vody z martensitick\u00e9 nerezov\u00e9 oceli pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pro \u0159ezn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje nebo jin\u00e1 neimplanta\u010dn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. P\u0159i pr\u00e1ci za studena z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 elasticitu, ale ztr\u00e1c\u00ed odolnost proti korozi. L\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e1 nerezov\u00e1 ocel dos\u00e1hla \u0161irok\u00e9 popularity d\u00edky sv\u00e9 bezkonkuren\u010dn\u00ed trvanlivosti, odolnosti proti tepeln\u00e9mu zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, chirurgick\u00e9 funk\u010dnosti a odolnosti proti korozi. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se v r\u016fzn\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch v\u010detn\u011b nemocni\u010dn\u00edch sedac\u00edch r\u00e1m\u016f, kol\u00e9bek, koncov\u00fdch desek, chirurgick\u00fdch rukavic, infuzn\u00edch ty\u010d\u00ed a spon. Vzhledem k jej\u00ed extr\u00e9mn\u00ed odolnosti a pot\u0159eb\u011b jej\u00edho pou\u017eit\u00ed ve speci\u00e1ln\u00edch aplikac\u00edch je nutn\u00e9, aby v\u00fdrobci pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed tuto t\u0159\u00eddu nerezov\u00e9 oceli v\u011bnovali velkou pozornost kontrole kvality a v\u00fdrobn\u00ed specifikaci. Nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e1 nerezov\u00e1 ocel pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b chirurgick\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f je 304<\/a> a 316. Nejlep\u0161\u00ed slitiny v\u0161ak maj\u00ed ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed obsah uhl\u00edku a p\u0159idan\u00fd Mo jako ocel 316L a 317L.<\/p>\n Nerezov\u00e1 ocel 304, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b nerezov\u00e1 ocel 18-8, nerezov\u00e1 ocel \u0159ady 304 obsahuje tak\u00e9 ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed uhl\u00edk 304 l<\/a>, 304H pro \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely, existuje ot\u00e1zka, nerezov\u00e1 ocel 304 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017eita pro l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely? Existuje fakt, \u017ee v roce 1926 18% CR-8% Ni nerezov\u00e1 ocel (AISI 304<\/a>) byl nejprve pou\u017eit jako materi\u00e1l pro ortopedick\u00fd implant\u00e1t a pozd\u011bji ve stomatologii. A\u017e v roce 1952 byla na klinice pou\u017eita nerezov\u00e1 ocel AISI 316 obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed 2%Mo a postupn\u011b nahradila nerezovou ocel 304. Aby se vy\u0159e\u0161il probl\u00e9m mezikrystalov\u00e9 koroze nerezov\u00e9 oceli, za\u010dala se v 60. letech v medic\u00edn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvat ultran\u00edzkouhl\u00edkov\u00e1 nerezov\u00e1 ocel AISI 316L a AISI 317L s dobrou biokompatibilitou, mechanick\u00fdmi vlastnostmi a lep\u0161\u00ed odolnost\u00ed proti korozi. Ni je v\u0161ak potenci\u00e1ln\u00edm senzibiliza\u010dn\u00edm faktorem pro lidsk\u00e9 t\u011blo. V posledn\u00edch letech mnoho zem\u00ed omezilo obsah Ni v denn\u00edch pot\u0159eb\u00e1ch a l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch kovov\u00fdch materi\u00e1lech a maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed povolen\u00fd obsah Ni je st\u00e1le ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed a ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed. Norma 94\/27\/EC Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00e1 v roce 1994 po\u017eaduje, aby obsah Ni v materi\u00e1lech implantovan\u00fdch do lidsk\u00e9ho t\u011bla (implant\u00e1tov\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, ortodontick\u00e9 prot\u00e9zy atd.) nep\u0159es\u00e1hl 0,105%; U kovov\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f (\u0161perky, hodinky, prsteny, n\u00e1ramky atd.), kter\u00e9 jsou dlouhodob\u011b vystaveny lidsk\u00e9 poko\u017ece, by maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed Ni nem\u011blo p\u0159ekro\u010dit 015Lg\/cm2 za t\u00fdden. Dnes se 304 st\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f, jako jsou injek\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159\u00edka\u010dky, l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 n\u016f\u017eky, pinzety a s\u00e9rie skalpel\u016f.<\/p>\n <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s pr\u016fmyslovou nerezovou ocel\u00ed m\u00e1 l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e1 nerezov\u00e1 ocel p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed po\u017eadavky na chemick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed, proto\u017ee jej\u00ed hlavn\u00ed vlastnosti sni\u017euj\u00ed rozpou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed kovov\u00fdch iont\u016f a zabra\u0148uj\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00ed korozi, jako je mezikrystalov\u00e1 koroze a koroze pod nap\u011bt\u00edm. Obsah slitinov\u00fdch prvk\u016f, jako je Ni a Cr, je vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 nerezov\u00e9 oceli (obvykle [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2263,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2262","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2262","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2262"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2262\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2265,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2262\/revisions\/2265"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2263"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2262"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2262"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2262"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}