{"id":2253,"date":"2021-08-11T05:57:12","date_gmt":"2021-08-11T05:57:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/?p=2253"},"modified":"2024-08-07T02:11:10","modified_gmt":"2024-08-07T02:11:10","slug":"stainless-steel-pipe-grades-for-oil-and-gas-field","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/stainless-steel-pipe-grades-for-oil-and-gas-field\/","title":{"rendered":"Typy trubek z nerezov\u00e9 oceli pro ropn\u00e1 a plyn\u00e1rensk\u00e1 pole"},"content":{"rendered":"

Obecn\u011b lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 n\u00edzkolegovan\u00e9 oceli mohou spl\u0148ovat po\u017eadavky na korozivn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed olej\u016f a plyn\u016f obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed H2S, ale korozivn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed CO2 nebo H2S, CO2, Cl \u2013 koexistence tam, kde martenzitick\u00e1 nerezov\u00e1 ocel pot\u0159ebuje, duplexn\u00ed nerezov\u00e1 ocel nebo dokonce slitina na b\u00e1zi niklu . Verze API 5CT z roku 1988 p\u0159idala t\u0159\u00eddy oceli odoln\u00e9 proti korozi, specifikovala t\u0159\u00eddu oceli C75 s martenzitickou nerezovou ocel\u00ed jakost\u00ed 9Cr a 13Cr<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Vysok\u00e1 s\u00edla <\/strong>M<\/strong>trubka z artensitick\u00e9 nerezov\u00e9 oceli pro ropn\u00fd vrt <\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>Ve vlhk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed s CO2 jako hlavn\u00edm plynem \u010dasto doch\u00e1z\u00ed k lok\u00e1ln\u00edmu korozn\u00edmu po\u0161kozen\u00ed potrub\u00ed ropn\u00e9ho vrtu, jako je d\u016flkov\u00e1 koroze a mezikrystalov\u00e1 koroze atd. Pokud Cl \u2013 existuje, bude lok\u00e1ln\u00ed koroze zes\u00edlena. Obecn\u011b se m\u00e1 za to, \u017ee korozi lze ignorovat, kdy\u017e je tlak oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 0,021 MPa, a ke korozi dojde, kdy\u017e tlak oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho dos\u00e1hne 0,021 MPa. Pokud je pCO2 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 0,021 MPa, m\u011bla by b\u00fdt p\u0159ijata vhodn\u00e1 antikorozn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed. Obecn\u011b nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed k \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9mu po\u0161kozen\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9mu d\u016flkovou tvorbou, kdy\u017e je frakce CO2 ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 0,05 MPa.<\/p>\n

Bylo prok\u00e1z\u00e1no, \u017ee \u00fa\u010dinek pou\u017eit\u00ed \u010dinidla s postupn\u00fdm uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm k zabr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed korozi CO2 je omezen\u00fd a \u00fa\u010dinek pou\u017eit\u00ed oceli s vysok\u00fdm obsahem chromu, jako je ocel 9%-13%Cr, je lep\u0161\u00ed. Od 70. let 20. stolet\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 studny na zemn\u00ed plyn pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed trubky z nerezov\u00e9 oceli 9%Cr a 13Cr%, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo korozi CO2. American Petroleum Institute (API) doporu\u010duje trubky z martenzitick\u00e9 nerezov\u00e9 oceli 9Cr a 13Cr (API L80-9Cr a L80-13Cr) pro standardizovan\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed. Ocel 13Cr m\u00e1 lep\u0161\u00ed odolnost proti korozi CO2, zat\u00edmco ocel 9Cr-1Mo m\u00e1 lep\u0161\u00ed odolnost proti prask\u00e1n\u00ed koroz\u00ed H2S. V z\u00e1sad\u011b nen\u00ed vhodn\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 ocel, pokud je H2S p\u0159\u00edtomen v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e CO2. Pokud v ropn\u00e9m vrtu CO2 existuje H2S, m\u011bla by se co nejv\u00edce zlep\u0161it odolnost potrub\u00ed ropn\u00e9ho vrtu v\u016f\u010di SSCC a m\u011blo by b\u00fdt p\u0159ijato tepeln\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed kalen\u00edm a popou\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm, aby se z\u00edskal stejnom\u011brn\u00fd martenzit a tvrdost by m\u011bla b\u00fdt pokud mo\u017eno \u0159\u00edzena pod HRC22. .<\/p>\n

T\u0159\u00edda ropn\u00e9ho vrtu z nerezov\u00e9 oceli<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0160koln\u00ed zn\u00e1mka<\/td>\nC<\/td>\nMo<\/td>\nCr<\/td>\nNi<\/td>\nCu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9 Kr<\/td>\n\u22640,15<\/td>\n0.9-1.1<\/td>\n8.0-10.0<\/td>\n\u22640,5<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
13Cr<\/td>\n0.15-0.22<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n12.0-14.0<\/td>\n\u22640,5<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SUP9Cr<\/td>\n\u22640,03<\/td>\n1.5-2.5<\/td>\n12.0-13.5<\/td>\n4.0-6.0<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SUP13Cr<\/td>\n\u22640,03<\/td>\n1.5-2.5<\/td>\n14.0-16.0<\/td>\n5.0-7.0<\/td>\n0.5-1.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Ocelov\u00e9 trubky API 13Cr v\u0161ak v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eily odolnost v\u016f\u010di CO2 a zkr\u00e1tily \u017eivotnost, kdy\u017e teplota ropn\u00e9ho vrtu dos\u00e1hne 150 \u00b0C nebo vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed. Za \u00fa\u010delem zlep\u0161en\u00ed odolnosti ocelov\u00fdch trubek API 13Cr v\u016f\u010di CO2 a SSC (sulfidov\u00e9 prask\u00e1n\u00ed pod nap\u011bt\u00edm) byly vyvinuty n\u00edzkouhl\u00edkov\u00e9 ocelov\u00e9 trubky SUP13Cr s p\u0159\u00eddavkem Ni a Mo. Ocelov\u00e1 trubka m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017eita ve vlhk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed s vysok\u00fdmi teplotami, vysokou koncentrac\u00ed CO2 a mal\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm sirovod\u00edku. Struktura t\u011bchto trubek je temperovan\u00fd martenzit a m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 5% ferit. Odolnost proti korozi v\u016f\u010di CO2 lze zlep\u0161it sn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm uhl\u00edku nebo p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm Cr a Ni a odolnost proti korozi v\u016f\u010di d\u016flkov\u00e9 korozi lze zlep\u0161it p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm Mo. Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s ocelov\u00fdmi trubkami API 13Cr je odolnost v\u016f\u010di CO2 a SSC v\u00fdrazn\u011b zlep\u0161ena. Nap\u0159\u00edklad ve stejn\u00e9m korozivn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed je rychlost koroze ocelov\u00e9 trubky API 13Cr vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 1 mm\/rok, zat\u00edmco rychlost koroze ocelov\u00e9 trubky SUP13Cr je sn\u00ed\u017eena na 0,125 mm\/a. S rozvojem hlubok\u00fdch a ultrahlubok\u00fdch vrt\u016f se teplota ropn\u00fdch vrt\u016f st\u00e1le zvy\u0161uje. Pokud se teplota ropn\u00e9ho vrtu d\u00e1le zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed na v\u00edce ne\u017e 180 \u2103, korozn\u00ed odolnost potrub\u00ed ropn\u00e9ho vrtu SUP13Cr tak\u00e9 za\u010dne klesat, co\u017e nem\u016f\u017ee splnit po\u017eadavky dlouhodob\u00e9ho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. Podle tradi\u010dn\u00edho principu v\u00fdb\u011bru materi\u00e1lu by m\u011bla b\u00fdt vybr\u00e1na duplexn\u00ed nerezov\u00e1 ocel nebo slitina na b\u00e1zi niklu.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

M<\/strong>artensitick\u00e1 nerezov\u00e1 ocel<\/strong>\u00a0potrub\u00ed pro ropovod<\/strong><\/h3>\n

The potrubn\u00ed potrub\u00ed<\/a> doprava korozivn\u00edho oleje a plynu vy\u017eaduje stejn\u00fd korozivzdorn\u00fd materi\u00e1l jako potrub\u00ed ropn\u00e9ho vrtu. D\u0159\u00edve byla trubka obvykle injektov\u00e1na l\u00e1tkami s trval\u00fdm uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm nebo materi\u00e1ly odoln\u00fdmi proti korozi, jako je dvouf\u00e1zov\u00e1 nerezov\u00e1 ocel. Prvn\u00ed z nich je nestabiln\u00ed v antikorozn\u00edm \u00fa\u010dinku p\u0159i vysok\u00e9 teplot\u011b a m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. P\u0159esto\u017ee dvouf\u00e1zov\u00e1 nerezov\u00e1 ocel m\u00e1 dobrou odolnost proti korozi, n\u00e1klady jsou vysok\u00e9 a p\u0159\u00edsun tepla p\u0159i sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed se obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b kontroluje, p\u0159edeh\u0159ev sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed a tepeln\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed po sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed do konstrukce staveni\u0161t\u011b p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee. Do provozu je uvedena martenzitick\u00e1 trubka 11Cr pro prost\u0159ed\u00ed CO2 a martenzitick\u00e1 trubka 12Cr pro prost\u0159ed\u00ed CO2+ stopov\u00fd H2S. Kolona m\u00e1 dobrou sva\u0159itelnost, bez p\u0159edeh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a tepeln\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed po sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, jej\u00ed mechanick\u00e9 vlastnosti se mohou rovnat kvalit\u011b oceli X80 a jej\u00ed odolnost proti korozi je lep\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u potrub\u00ed s retardovan\u00fdm uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm nebo u dvouf\u00e1zov\u00e9 trubky z nerezov\u00e9 oceli.<\/p>\n

Nerezov\u00e1 trubka pro potrub\u00ed<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0160koln\u00ed zn\u00e1mka<\/td>\nC<\/td>\nCr<\/td>\nNi<\/td>\nMo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11Cr<\/td>\n\u22640,03<\/td>\n11<\/td>\n1.5<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12Cr<\/td>\n\u22640,03<\/td>\n12<\/td>\n5.0<\/td>\n2.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Duplexn\u00ed nerezov\u00e9 potrub\u00ed pro ropn\u00fd pr\u016fmysl<\/h3>\n

Martenzitick\u00e1 nerezov\u00e1 ocel SUP 15Cr nem\u016f\u017ee splnit po\u017eadavky na odolnost proti korozi, kdy\u017e teplota ropn\u00e9ho (plynov\u00e9ho) vrtu obsahuj\u00edc\u00edho CO2 p\u0159ekro\u010d\u00ed 200 \u2103, a je vy\u017eadov\u00e1na duplexn\u00ed nerezov\u00e1 ocel s dobrou odolnost\u00ed v\u016f\u010di CO2 a Cl \u2013 korozn\u00ed trhliny pod nap\u011bt\u00edm. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b, 22Cr<\/a> a 25Cr duplexn\u00ed (austenitick\u00e9 a feritov\u00e9) nerezov\u00e9 oceli jsou vhodn\u00e9 pro CO2 studny nad 200 \u2103, zat\u00edmco v\u00fdrobci upravuj\u00ed obsah Cr a Ni pro \u00fapravu odolnosti proti korozi. Duplexn\u00ed ocel se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z feritu a austenitick\u00e9 f\u00e1ze. Krom\u011b Cr a Ni lze pro zlep\u0161en\u00ed odolnosti proti korozi p\u0159idat Mo a N. Krom\u011b toho, \u017ee duplexn\u00ed nerezov\u00e1 ocel m\u00e1 dobrou odolnost proti vysokoteplotn\u00ed korozi ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s martenzitovou nerezovou ocel\u00ed, m\u00e1 lep\u0161\u00ed odolnost proti prask\u00e1n\u00ed koroz\u00ed H2S p\u0159i pokojov\u00e9 teplot\u011b, test NACE TM 0177-A, v roztoku A, z\u00e1t\u011b\u017eov\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed 85%SMYS, martenzit nerez ocel m\u016f\u017ee proj\u00edt pouze zkou\u0161kou parci\u00e1ln\u00edho tlaku 10 kPa H2S, duplexn\u00ed nerezov\u00e1 ocel 25Cr m\u016f\u017ee proj\u00edt zkou\u0161kou parci\u00e1ln\u00edho tlaku 100 kPa H2S.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Obecn\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee v koexistenci prost\u0159ed\u00ed CO2 a H2S nebo parci\u00e1ln\u00ed tlak H2S nedosahuje kritick\u00e9 hodnoty, ale Cl- je velmi vysok\u00fd, ocel 13Cr (v\u010detn\u011b oceli super 13Cr) nem\u016f\u017ee splnit po\u017eadavky, 22Cr<\/a> duplexn\u00ed nerezov\u00e1 ocel (ASF 2205) nebo super duplexn\u00ed nerezov\u00e1 ocel 25Cr, je vy\u017eadov\u00e1na dokonce i vysoce Ni, Cr nerezov\u00e1 ocel a slitiny na b\u00e1zi Ni a Fe-Ni jako G3, slitina 825 obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 20% Cr, Ni30%.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Obecn\u011b lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 n\u00edzkolegovan\u00e9 oceli mohou spl\u0148ovat po\u017eadavky na korozivn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed olej\u016f a plyn\u016f obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed H2S, ale korozivn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed CO2 nebo H2S, CO2, Cl \u2013 koexistence tam, kde martenzitick\u00e1 nerezov\u00e1 ocel pot\u0159ebuje, duplexn\u00ed nerezov\u00e1 ocel nebo dokonce slitina na b\u00e1zi niklu . Verze API 5CT z roku 1988 p\u0159idala t\u0159\u00eddy oceli na trubky odoln\u00e9 proti korozi, specifikovan\u00e9 [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2227,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2253","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2253","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2253"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2253\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2309,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2253\/revisions\/2309"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2227"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2253"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2253"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2253"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}