{"id":2233,"date":"2021-08-04T12:53:31","date_gmt":"2021-08-04T12:53:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/?p=2233"},"modified":"2021-08-04T12:57:01","modified_gmt":"2021-08-04T12:57:01","slug":"high-strength-stainless-steel-used-in-aircraft-applications","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/high-strength-stainless-steel-used-in-aircraft-applications\/","title":{"rendered":"Vysoce pevn\u00e1 nerezov\u00e1 ocel pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 v leteck\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch"},"content":{"rendered":"

Obvykle naz\u00fdv\u00e1me pevnost v tahu vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 800MPa, mez kluzu vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 500MPa nerezov\u00e1 ocel je vysoce pevn\u00e1 nerezov\u00e1 ocel, mez kluzu vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 1380MPa se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 nerezov\u00e1 ocel s ultra vysokou pevnost\u00ed. Rozvoj leteck\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu prok\u00e1zal, \u017ee zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdkonu letadel a leteck\u00fdch motor\u016f do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry z\u00e1vis\u00ed na kovov\u00fdch materi\u00e1lech. Vzhledem k vysok\u00e9 pevnosti, vysok\u00e9 hou\u017eevnatosti, vysok\u00e9 odolnosti proti prask\u00e1n\u00ed v d\u016fsledku koroze a dobr\u00e9 odolnosti oceli proti n\u00e1razu se st\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 konstruk\u010dn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1sti letadel, jako je podvozek, nosn\u00edk, vysoce nam\u00e1han\u00e9 spoje, spojovac\u00ed prvky a dal\u0161\u00ed vysoce pevn\u00e1 nerezov\u00e1 ocel.<\/p>\n

Vysoce pevn\u00e1 nerezov\u00e1 ocel zahrnuje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm martenzitovou precipita\u010dn\u011b kalenou nerezovou ocel a poloaustenitovou precipita\u010dn\u011b kalenou nerezovou ocel. Pevnosti martenzitick\u00e9 precipita\u010dn\u00ed kalen\u00e9 nerezov\u00e9 oceli je dosa\u017eeno martenzitovou transformac\u00ed a precipita\u010dn\u00edm kalen\u00edm, v\u00fdhodou je vysok\u00e1 pevnost, z\u00e1rove\u0148 d\u00edky n\u00edzk\u00e9mu obsahu uhl\u00edku, vysok\u00e9mu obsahu chr\u00f3mu, vysok\u00e9mu obsahu molybdenu a\/nebo vysok\u00e9mu obsahu m\u011bdi jej\u00ed korozn\u00ed odolnost obecn\u011b nen\u00ed austenitick\u00e1 nerezov\u00e1 ocel m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 18Cr-8Ni; Voln\u00e9 \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed, dobr\u00e1 sva\u0159ovac\u00ed schopnost, nepot\u0159ebuj\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00ed \u017e\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed po sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, proces tepeln\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed je relativn\u011b jednoduch\u00fd. Hlavn\u00ed nev\u00fdhodou je, \u017ee i v \u017e\u00edhan\u00e9m stavu je jeho struktura st\u00e1le n\u00edzkouhl\u00edkov\u00fd martenzit, tak\u017ee je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bt hlubok\u00e9 deformace za studena. Typick\u00e1 t\u0159\u00edda oceli je 17-4PH<\/a> a PH13-8Mo, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 pro v\u00fdrobu vysoce pevn\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed lo\u017eisek odoln\u00fdch proti korozi, jako jsou sou\u010d\u00e1sti lo\u017eisek motoru, upev\u0148ovac\u00ed prvky atd. pracuj\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159i 400 \u2103. PH13-8Mo je \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n v konstruk\u010dn\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stech leteck\u00fdch lo\u017eisek odoln\u00fdch proti korozi p\u0159i st\u0159edn\u00ed teplot\u011b.<\/p>\n

Poloaustenitovou precipitac\u00ed kalenou nerezovou ocel lze obr\u00e1b\u011bt, za studena deformovat a sva\u0159ovat v austenitov\u00e9m stavu, a pot\u00e9 lze transformaci martenzitu a precipita\u010dn\u00ed kalen\u00ed \u0159\u00eddit \u00fapravou st\u00e1rnut\u00ed pro z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch pevnost\u00ed a koordinace hou\u017eevnatosti. Ocel m\u00e1 dobrou odolnost proti korozi a tepelnou pevnost, zejm\u00e9na odolnost proti korozi pod nap\u011bt\u00edm, a je zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b vhodn\u00e1 pro v\u00fdrobu d\u00edl\u016f pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch pod 540 \u2103. Nev\u00fdhodou je, \u017ee proces tepeln\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed je slo\u017eit\u00fd, po\u017eadavky na \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed teploty tepeln\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou velmi p\u0159esn\u00e9 (\u00b15 \u2103); Tendence oceli k mechanick\u00e9mu zpevn\u011bn\u00ed je velk\u00e1 a pro hlubok\u00e9 deforma\u010dn\u00ed tv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed za studena je \u010dasto zapot\u0159eb\u00ed mnoho mezidob\u00ed \u017e\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed. Typick\u00e9 stupn\u011b jsou 17-7 PH<\/a>, PH15-7Mo atd. Tento druh oceli se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 hlavn\u011b v leteck\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu k pr\u00e1ci p\u0159i 400 \u2103 pod nosnou konstrukc\u00ed koroze, jako jsou v\u0161echny druhy trubek, potrubn\u00ed spoje, pru\u017einy, spojovac\u00ed prvky atd.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Podvozek letadla<\/h3>\n

Materi\u00e1ly pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 pro konstrukci leteck\u00fdch podvozk\u016f jsou 30CrMnSiNi2A, 4340, 300M, Aermet100 a dal\u0161\u00ed leteck\u00e9 podvozky a upev\u0148ovac\u00ed prvky s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi po\u017eadavky jsou v\u011bt\u0161inou vyrobeny z precipita\u010dn\u011b tvrzen\u00e9 nerezov\u00e9 oceli, jako je nap\u0159. 17-4PH<\/a> pro podvozek letounu F-15, 15-5pH pro podvozek letounu B-767. Ocel PH13-8mo m\u00e1 potenci\u00e1l nahradit 17-4PH, 15-5 PH<\/a>, 17-7PH, PH15-7Mo a dal\u0161\u00ed oceli d\u00edky sv\u00e9 lep\u0161\u00ed odolnosti proti korozi za nap\u011bt\u00ed ne\u017e precipita\u010dn\u011b kalen\u00e1 nerezov\u00e1 ocel stejn\u00e9 jakosti.<\/p>\n

Rovinn\u00e9 lo\u017eisko<\/h3>\n

N\u011bmeck\u00e1 spole\u010dnost FAG vyvinula martenzitovou nerezovou ocel Cronidur30 s p\u0159\u00eddavkem dus\u00edku (0,31%C-0,38%N-15% Cr-L %Mo), kter\u00e1 se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed PESR procesem elektrostruskov\u00e9ho p\u0159etavov\u00e1n\u00ed pod vysokotlakou dus\u00edkovou atmosf\u00e9rou. Jedn\u00e1 se o vysokoteplotn\u00ed nerezovou ocel s vysok\u00fdm obsahem dus\u00edku zcela kalenou, kter\u00e1 je odoln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u016f\u010di korozi ne\u017e SUS440. Nen\u00ed vhodn\u00fd pro vysokou hodnotu DN (D: vnit\u0159n\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011br lo\u017eiska\/mm, N: ot\u00e1\u010dky h\u0159\u00eddele\/arin), proto\u017ee m\u00e1 vlastnosti typu pln\u00e9ho vytvrzen\u00ed, stejn\u00fd Cronidur30 m\u016f\u017ee uspokojit zbytkov\u00e9 tlakov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed a hodnotu lomov\u00e9 hou\u017eevnatosti DN4 milion\u016f p\u0159i sou\u010dasn\u011b vysokofrekven\u010dn\u00edm zh\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm. Ale teplota temperov\u00e1n\u00ed je ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 15O\u2103, nem\u016f\u017ee odolat zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed teploty lo\u017eiska zp\u016fsoben\u00e9mu tepeln\u00fdm \u0161okem po vypnut\u00ed motoru.<\/p>\n

Konstruk\u010dn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1sti letadla<\/h3>\n

Vysokopevnostn\u00ed nerezov\u00e1 ocel v nosn\u00e9 konstrukci letadla je hlavn\u011b 15-5 PH<\/a>, 17-4PH, PH13-8Mo atd., v\u010detn\u011b z\u00e1padky krytu poklopu, vysokopevnostn\u00edho \u0161roubu, pru\u017einy a dal\u0161\u00edch d\u00edl\u016f. Civiln\u00ed letadla pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed takovou vysokopevnostn\u00ed nerezovou ocel pro nosn\u00edky k\u0159\u00eddel, jako je ocel 15-5PH pro nosn\u00edky k\u0159\u00eddel Boeing 737-600; Typ A340-300 k\u0159\u00eddlo SPAR PH13-8Mo ocel. Ph13-8Mo se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro d\u00edly vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed vysokou pevnost a hou\u017eevnatost, zejm\u00e9na pro p\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdkony, jako jsou r\u00e1my trupu. V ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 dob\u011b byl Custom465 testov\u00e1n kv\u016fli zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 hou\u017eevnatosti a odolnosti v\u016f\u010di korozi za nap\u011bt\u00ed. Custom465 byl vyvinut spole\u010dnost\u00ed Carpenter na z\u00e1klad\u011b Custom450 a Custom455 pro v\u00fdrobu veden\u00ed klapek letadel, veden\u00ed lamel, p\u0159evodovek, ulo\u017een\u00ed motoru atd. Ocel je v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b zahrnuta v technick\u00fdch specifikac\u00edch MMPDS-02, AMS5936 a ASTM A564. K v\u00fdrob\u011b konstrukce letadla se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 vysoce pevn\u00e1 nerezov\u00e1 ocel HSL180 (0.21C-12.5Cr-1.0Ni-15.5Co-2.0Mo), kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 stejnou pevnost 1800 MPa jako n\u00edzkolegovan\u00e1 ocel, jako je 4340, a stejnou odolnost proti korozi a hou\u017eevnatost jako precipita\u010dn\u011b kalen\u00e1 nerezov\u00e1 ocel, jako je SUS630.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Obvykle naz\u00fdv\u00e1me pevnost v tahu vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 800MPa, mez kluzu vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 500MPa nerezov\u00e1 ocel je vysoce pevn\u00e1 nerezov\u00e1 ocel, mez kluzu vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 1380MPa se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 nerezov\u00e1 ocel s ultra vysokou pevnost\u00ed. Rozvoj leteck\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu prok\u00e1zal, \u017ee zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdkonu letadel a leteck\u00fdch motor\u016f do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry z\u00e1vis\u00ed na kovov\u00fdch materi\u00e1lech. [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2235,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2233","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-social-activities"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2233","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2233"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2233\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2234,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2233\/revisions\/2234"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2235"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2233"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2233"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2233"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}