{"id":2226,"date":"2021-07-30T09:15:03","date_gmt":"2021-07-30T09:15:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/?p=2226"},"modified":"2021-07-30T09:15:03","modified_gmt":"2021-07-30T09:15:03","slug":"the-corrosion-prevention-of-above-ground-pipeline","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/the-corrosion-prevention-of-above-ground-pipeline\/","title":{"rendered":"Prevence koroze nadzemn\u00edho potrub\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Koroze <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wldsteel.com\/product\/above-ground-pre-insulated-steel-pipe\/\">nadzemn\u00ed potrub\u00ed<\/a> je zp\u016fsobena kombinovan\u00fdm p\u016fsoben\u00edm korozivn\u00edch iont\u016f (Cl-, S2-), CO2, bakteri\u00ed a rozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9ho kysl\u00edku. Rozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd kysl\u00edk je siln\u00e9 oxida\u010dn\u00ed \u010dinidlo, je snadn\u00e9 oxidovat \u017eelezit\u00e9 ionty za vzniku sra\u017eeniny a vztah mezi rozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdm kysl\u00edkem a rychlost\u00ed koroze je line\u00e1rn\u00ed. Bakterie redukuj\u00edc\u00ed s\u00edrany zp\u016fsob\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnost sirovod\u00edku redukuj\u00edc\u00edho s\u00edrany ve vod\u011b, m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k prask\u00e1n\u00ed potrub\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9mu vod\u00edkem a korozn\u00edmu prask\u00e1n\u00ed, korozn\u00ed produkty generovan\u00e9 sulfidem \u017eeleznat\u00fdm a p\u0159ilnavost na povrchu oceli je \u0161patn\u00e1, snadno spadne , je potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed, proto\u017ee katoda tvo\u0159\u00ed aktivn\u00ed mikrobaterii a ocelovou matrici a nad\u00e1le zp\u016fsobuje korozi ocelov\u00e9ho substr\u00e1tu. Saprofytick\u00e9 bakterie ulp\u00edvaj\u00ed na potrub\u00ed a zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed zan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed ne\u010distot a tak\u00e9 produkuj\u00ed bu\u0148ky koncentrace kysl\u00edku a zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed korozi potrub\u00ed. Sm\u011bs oleje a vody v povrchov\u00e9m potrub\u00ed se m\u016f\u017ee po odd\u011blen\u00ed dostat do odpadn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee. P\u0159i volb\u011b antikorozn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed pro nadzemn\u00ed potrub\u00ed v ropn\u00fdch pol\u00edch je proto t\u0159eba vz\u00edt v \u00favahu ochrann\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek, obt\u00ed\u017enost v\u00fdstavby, cenu a dal\u0161\u00ed faktory. N\u011bkter\u00e1 b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 antikorozn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed jsou pro nadzemn\u00ed potrub\u00ed ropn\u00fdch pol\u00ed:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Povlak<\/h3>\n<p>Na potrub\u00ed je mnoho antikorozn\u00edch n\u00e1t\u011br\u016f a jejich v\u00fdkon je r\u016fzn\u00fd. V\u00fdb\u011br vhodn\u00fdch povlak\u016f m\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdrazn\u011b prodlou\u017eit \u017eivotnost potrub\u00ed. Podle korozn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, transportn\u00edho m\u00e9dia a dal\u0161\u00edch podm\u00ednek zvolit vhodn\u00fd n\u00e1t\u011br. Vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ochrann\u00fd povlak je prvn\u00ed a nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed bari\u00e9rou nadzemn\u00ed ocelov\u00e9 trubky, zejm\u00e9na organick\u00fd povlak a kovov\u00fd povlak (nebo povlak). Organick\u00e9 n\u00e1t\u011bry lze rozd\u011blit na n\u00e1t\u011bry epoxidov\u00e9 prysky\u0159ice, modifikovan\u00e9 fenolick\u00e9 epoxidy, asfalt, \u010dernouheln\u00fd dehet a dal\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1t\u011bry. Experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdsledky ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee povrch povlaku nebubl\u00e1, kdy\u017e je nas\u00e1kl\u00fd soln\u00fdm roztokem a olejem, a povlak spl\u0148uje po\u017eadavky testu adheze a odlupov\u00e1n\u00ed API RP 5L2, co\u017e ukazuje, \u017ee povlak m\u00e1 dobrou adhezi. Povlak se zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1 na 250 \u00b0C po dobu 30 minut a pot\u00e9 se ochlad\u00ed vodou na pokojovou teplotu. Povrch povlaku nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 odlupov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 prask\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 bubliny, \u017e\u00e1dnou ztr\u00e1tu p\u0159ilnavosti atd., To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee povlak m\u00e1 dobrou tepelnou odolnost. Podle ASTM D522, ASTM D968 a dal\u0161\u00edch norem pro prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed zkou\u0161ek ohybu a opot\u0159eben\u00ed m\u00e1 povlak tak\u00e9 dobrou odolnost proti ohybu a opot\u0159eben\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Katodick\u00e1 ochrana<\/h3>\n<p>U potrub\u00ed s mal\u00fdm pr\u016fm\u011brem (pr\u016fm\u011br potrub\u00ed men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 60 mm) nen\u00ed snadn\u00e9 pokr\u00fdt vnit\u0159n\u00ed povrch, i kdy\u017e je n\u00e1t\u011br dokon\u010den uvnit\u0159, je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 dos\u00e1hnout 100% bez d\u00edrek. Krom\u011b toho je povlak vnit\u0159n\u00ed st\u011bny \u010dasto b\u011bhem pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed vystaven opot\u0159eben\u00ed, tak\u017ee pou\u017eit\u00ed katodick\u00e9 ochrany m\u016f\u017ee \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit prod\u011brav\u011bn\u00ed koroz\u00ed. Ochrann\u00e1 anodov\u00e1 ochrana je nejstar\u0161\u00ed metodou katodov\u00e9 ochrany, kter\u00e1 se snadno ovl\u00e1d\u00e1 a nevy\u017eaduje nap\u00e1jen\u00ed. Mezi materi\u00e1ly ob\u011btn\u00ed anody b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v \u010c\u00edn\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed ho\u0159\u010d\u00edk, zinek, hlin\u00edk a jejich slitiny.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdstupn\u00ed proud ob\u011btn\u00ed anody z\u00e1vis\u00ed na jej\u00edm tvaru a velikosti. P\u0159i laboratorn\u00ed zkou\u0161ce ho\u0159\u010d\u00edku, zinku, hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 slitiny s potenci\u00e1lem katodov\u00e9 ochrany (vzhledem k referen\u010dn\u00ed elektrod\u011b m\u011b\u010f\/s\u00edran m\u011b\u010fnat\u00fd), jsou t\u0159i typy slitin v souladu s po\u017eadavkem specifikace katodick\u00e9 ochrany pro ropn\u00e9 a plyn\u00e1rensk\u00e9 stanice (potenci\u00e1l katodov\u00e9 ochrany je 0,85 V nebo v\u00edce), v\u010detn\u011b anody z hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 slitiny ochrann\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek je nejlep\u0161\u00ed, ho\u0159\u010d\u00edkov\u00e1 anoda a anoda ze slitiny zinku je hor\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Speci\u00e1ln\u00ed kloub<\/h3>\n<p>Speci\u00e1ln\u00ed spoj je navr\u017een tak, aby vy\u0159e\u0161il po\u0161kozen\u00ed povlaku rozhran\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm potrub\u00ed po povlakov\u00e1n\u00ed. Metody zahrnuj\u00ed: pou\u017eit\u00ed \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00e9ho izola\u010dn\u00edho materi\u00e1lu a vysokoteplotn\u00edho povlaku; Nebo pou\u017eijte nov\u00fd typ vysokoteplotn\u00edho tepeln\u011b izola\u010dn\u00edho keramick\u00e9ho spoje, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 dobr\u00e9 tepeln\u011b izola\u010dn\u00ed vlastnosti a odolnost proti korozi, stejn\u011b jako p\u0159i drastick\u00fdch zm\u011bn\u00e1ch teploty ve v\u00fdkonu a odolnosti proti protr\u017een\u00ed, ale nev\u00fdhodou je, \u017ee pevnost a hou\u017eevnatost je \u0161patn\u00e1. Laboratorn\u00ed testy ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee za podm\u00ednek drastick\u00fdch zm\u011bn teplot m\u016f\u017ee odolnost spoje proti prask\u00e1n\u00ed a pronik\u00e1n\u00ed spl\u0148ovat po\u017eadavky. Av\u0161ak za p\u0159edpokladu zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pevnosti a hou\u017eevnatosti je tlou\u0161\u0165ka st\u011bny spoje p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 siln\u00e1 a zm\u011bna vnit\u0159n\u00edho pr\u016fm\u011bru ovlivn\u00ed norm\u00e1ln\u00ed konstrukci spoje. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wldsteel.com\/product\/above-ground-pre-insulated-steel-pipe\/\">potrub\u00ed<\/a>. Pou\u017eit\u00ed \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00fdch izola\u010dn\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f a vysokoteplotn\u00edch povlakov\u00fdch spoj\u016f m\u016f\u017ee pln\u011b vyhov\u011bt po\u017eadavk\u016fm pou\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Koroze nadzemn\u00edho potrub\u00ed je zp\u016fsobena kombinovan\u00fdm p\u016fsoben\u00edm korozivn\u00edch iont\u016f (Cl-, S2-), CO2, bakteri\u00ed a rozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9ho kysl\u00edku. Rozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd kysl\u00edk je siln\u00e9 oxida\u010dn\u00ed \u010dinidlo, je snadn\u00e9 oxidovat \u017eelezit\u00e9 ionty za vzniku sra\u017eeniny a vztah mezi rozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdm kysl\u00edkem a rychlost\u00ed koroze je line\u00e1rn\u00ed. Bakterie redukuj\u00edc\u00ed s\u00edrany zp\u016fsob\u00ed existenci [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2227,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2226","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2226","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2226"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2226\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2228,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2226\/revisions\/2228"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2227"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2226"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2226"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2226"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}