Duplexn\u00ed nerezov\u00e1 ocel se vztahuje na nerezovou ocel, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd 50% feritu a austenitu, obecn\u00fd obsah m\u00e9n\u011b f\u00e1ze je alespo\u0148 30%, m\u00e1 vlastnosti austenitu i feritov\u00e9 nerezov\u00e9 oceli. Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s feritem m\u00e1 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed plasticitu, hou\u017eevnatost, \u017e\u00e1dnou k\u0159ehkost p\u0159i pokojov\u00e9 teplot\u011b, v\u00fdrazn\u011b se zlep\u0161ila odolnost proti mezikrystalov\u00e9 korozi a sva\u0159ovac\u00ed v\u00fdkon, tak\u00e9 si zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 k\u0159ehkost 475\u2103 feritov\u00e9 nerezov\u00e9 oceli a vysokou tepelnou vodivost, superplasticitu a dal\u0161\u00ed vlastnosti. Dvouf\u00e1zov\u00e9 nerezov\u00e9 oceli maj\u00ed ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s austenitick\u00fdmi nerezov\u00fdmi oceli vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pevnost a vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed odolnost proti mezikrystalov\u00e9 korozi a korozi chloridov\u00fdm nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00edm. Duplexn\u00ed nerezov\u00e1 ocel je \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na v r\u016fzn\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch kv\u016fli sv\u00fdm vynikaj\u00edc\u00edm komplexn\u00edm mechanick\u00fdm vlastnostem a odolnosti v\u016f\u010di korozi chloridov\u00fdm nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00edm, pap\u00edrensk\u00fd pr\u016fmysl, chemick\u00fd a petrochemick\u00fd pr\u016fmysl, hydrometalurgie; N\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed a pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed aplikace, instalat\u00e9rsk\u00e9 instalace pro potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 a n\u00e1pojov\u00e9 z\u00e1vody, budovy atd<\/p>\n
Po\u010d\u00ednaje rokem 1930 byla jedna z prvn\u00edch aplikac\u00ed duplexn\u00ed nerezov\u00e9 oceli v pr\u016fmyslu sulfitov\u00e9ho pap\u00edru. Dnes se duplexn\u00ed nerezov\u00e1 ocel pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v celul\u00f3zov\u00e9m a pap\u00edrensk\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu jako b\u011bl\u00edc\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, fermentory, z\u00e1sobn\u00edky t\u0159\u00edsek, \u010dern\u00e9 a b\u00edl\u00e9 z\u00e1sobn\u00edky a kryty sac\u00edch v\u00e1lc\u016f. duplexn\u00ed nerezov\u00e9 oceli maj\u00ed vysokou pevnost, vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed odolnost proti korozi a stejn\u00e9 tlakov\u00e9 hodnocen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje pou\u017eit\u00ed ten\u010d\u00edch plech\u016f, a nyn\u00ed nahradily austenitick\u00e9 nerezov\u00e9 oceli a uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 oceli v aplikac\u00edch v pap\u00edrensk\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu. M\u00e1 ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1klady na kompozitn\u00ed materi\u00e1l, krat\u0161\u00ed dobu sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed a ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1klady na dopravu a manipulaci.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Vzhledem k vysok\u00e9mu obsahu chlorid\u016f, vysokoteplotn\u00edmu korozivn\u00edmu procesn\u00edmu prost\u0159ed\u00ed, odsolov\u00e1n\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00e9 vody podrobilo materi\u00e1l jednomu z nejp\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch test\u016f. Z\u00e1kazn\u00edci v oblasti odsolov\u00e1n\u00ed pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed naj\u00edt rovnov\u00e1hu mezi spln\u011bn\u00edm po\u017eadavk\u016f na odolnost proti korozi a udr\u017een\u00edm dostupn\u00fdch investic. V d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch odsolovac\u00edch projektech byly v\u00fdparn\u00edky pro odsolovac\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed L\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f bez hranic a MED vyrobeny z uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 oceli. Pozd\u011bji jsou v\u00fdparn\u00edky MSF obecn\u011b pota\u017eeny austenitickou nerezovou ocel\u00ed 316L. V\u00fdparn\u00edk MED je nejprve pota\u017een epoxidovou prysky\u0159ic\u00ed a pot\u00e9 nerezovou ocel\u00ed.<\/p>\n
V\u00fdhody duplexn\u00ed nerezov\u00e9 oceli spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00ed ve vysok\u00e9 pevnosti (dvakr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u konven\u010dn\u00ed austenitick\u00e9 nerezov\u00e9 oceli) v kombinaci s vysokou odolnost\u00ed proti korozi. V d\u016fsledku toho mohou b\u00fdt duplexn\u00ed v\u00fdparn\u00edky z nerezov\u00e9 oceli vyrobeny z ten\u010d\u00edch ocelov\u00fdch pl\u00e1t\u016f, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b materi\u00e1lu a sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Mezi dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdhody pat\u0159\u00ed snadn\u00e1 manipulace a celkov\u011b men\u0161\u00ed dopad na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed. 2205<\/a> duplexn\u00ed nerezov\u00e1 ocel se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k v\u00fdrob\u011b velkoobjemov\u00fdch duplexn\u00edch ocelov\u00fdch v\u00fdparn\u00edk\u016f. Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed Melittah L\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f bez hranic a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed Zuara Med v Libyi byly instalov\u00e1ny za \u00fa\u010delem konstrukce t\u0159\u00ed sad v\u00edcestup\u0148ov\u00fdch z\u00e1bleskov\u00fdch jednotek L\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f bez hranic s vyu\u017eit\u00edm konceptu kombinace dvou duplexn\u00edch ocel\u00ed, 2205<\/a> a UNS S32101.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n V ropn\u00e9m a plyn\u00e1rensk\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu hraj\u00ed duplexn\u00ed nerezov\u00e9 oceli z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli, proto\u017ee pom\u00e1haj\u00ed odol\u00e1vat drsn\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m. Je tomu tak proto, \u017ee jej\u00ed pevnost, odolnost proti d\u016flkov\u00e9 korozi a odolnost proti \u0161t\u011brbinov\u00e9 korozi jsou lep\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u standardn\u00edch austenitick\u00fdch nerezov\u00fdch ocel\u00ed a hodnota d\u016flkov\u00e9 koroze (PREN) u dvouf\u00e1zov\u00fdch nerezov\u00fdch ocel\u00ed je obvykle vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 40. Duplexn\u00ed nerezov\u00e1 ocel se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 hlavn\u011b v potrub\u00ed pro kapaliny, proces potrubn\u00ed syst\u00e9my a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, jako jsou separ\u00e1tory, \u010distic\u00ed jednotky a \u010derpadla. V n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed oblasti se tyto materi\u00e1ly pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed ve sp\u00e1dov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobn\u00edch potrub\u00edch, armatur\u00e1ch a mont\u00e1\u017en\u00edch link\u00e1ch, v\u00fdrobn\u00edch stromov\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech, kapalinov\u00fdch potrub\u00edch a potrub\u00edch pro p\u0159epravu korozivn\u00edho oleje a plynu. Super duplexn\u00ed nerezov\u00e1 ocel (25% Cr) m\u00e1 vysokou pevnost, vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed odolnost proti \u00fanav\u011b a dobrou kompatibilitu s jin\u00fdmi vysoce legovan\u00fdmi nerezov\u00fdmi ocelmi.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Ekonomick\u00e9 duplexn\u00ed oceli se tak\u00e9 osv\u011bd\u010dily v potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9m a n\u00e1pojov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu. Materi\u00e1l se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ve dvou projektech ve \u0160pan\u011blsku, skladu potravin a skladu v\u00edna.<\/p>\n V p\u0159\u00edstavu v Barcelon\u011b postavila spole\u010dnost Emypro SA v\u0161echny skladovac\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee na potraviny s pou\u017eit\u00edm S32101, kter\u00fd nahradil EN304\/304L. Sklad v\u00edna pro Garcia Carrion, postaven\u00fd \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00fdm v\u00fdrobcem tank\u016f Martinez Sole v Demiere v ji\u017en\u00edm \u0160pan\u011blsku, byl prvn\u00ed, kter\u00fd pou\u017eil dvouf\u00e1zovou nerezovou ocel: S32101 a 2304, jako levn\u00e9 n\u00e1hrady za 304\/316L, byly pou\u017eity k postavte st\u0159echu a nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed st\u0159echu pro v\u0161echny nov\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ee.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Duplexn\u00ed ocel hraje d\u016fle\u017eitou roli p\u0159i konstrukci most\u016f, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed vysokou \u00fanosnost p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed v korozivn\u00edm a slan\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Duplexn\u00ed nerezov\u00e1 ocel 2205 se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro Stonecutters Bridge v Hong Kongu a Double Helix Walking Bridge v Singapuru. V roce 2006 bylo na most Stonecutters Island Bridge pou\u017eito 2 000 tun 2205 duplexn\u00edch ocelov\u00fdch plech\u016f a trubek. Povrchov\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st mostu byla zkonstruov\u00e1na z plech\u016f zak\u00e1zkov\u00fdch rozm\u011br\u016f fy \u010c\u00edn\u0161t\u00ed v\u00fdrobci duplexn\u00ed nerezov\u00e9 oceli<\/em><\/span>. Tyto plechy z nerezov\u00e9 oceli jsou le\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 a brokovan\u00e9 pro optim\u00e1ln\u00ed odrazivost ve dne i v noci.<\/p>\n Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e1 st\u0159echa z nerezov\u00e9 oceli na nov\u00e9m mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm leti\u0161ti v Dauh\u00e1 v Kataru je vyrobena z ekonomick\u00e9 duplexn\u00ed nerezov\u00e9 oceli (S32003) obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed molybden. Nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm prvkem termin\u00e1lu je jeho zvln\u011bn\u00e1 st\u0159echa, kter\u00e1 je \u00fadajn\u011b nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed st\u0159echou z nerezov\u00e9 oceli na sv\u011bt\u011b. St\u0159echa pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 asi 195 000 metr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch (2,1 milionu \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch stop) a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 asi 1 600 tun (3,5 milionu liber) dvouf\u00e1zov\u00e9 nerezov\u00e9 oceli. P\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru jakosti nerezov\u00e9 oceli je t\u0159eba vz\u00edt v \u00favahu n\u011bkolik faktor\u016f, z nich\u017e nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je vzd\u00e1lenost mezi leti\u0161t\u011bm a mo\u0159em. St\u0159echa mus\u00ed odol\u00e1vat nejen teplu a vlhkosti Bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho v\u00fdchodu, ale tak\u00e9 soli. Mezi dal\u0161\u00ed faktory pro v\u00fdb\u011br nerezov\u00e9 oceli Duplex pat\u0159\u00ed cena a dobr\u00fd pom\u011br pevnosti k hmotnosti ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s jin\u00fdmi ocelmi.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Duplexn\u00ed nerezov\u00e1 ocel se vztahuje na nerezovou ocel, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd 50% feritu a austenitu, obecn\u00fd obsah m\u00e9n\u011b f\u00e1ze je alespo\u0148 30%, m\u00e1 vlastnosti austenitu i feritov\u00e9 nerezov\u00e9 oceli. Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s feritem m\u00e1 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed plasticitu, hou\u017eevnatost, \u017e\u00e1dnou k\u0159ehkost p\u0159i pokojov\u00e9 teplot\u011b, odolnost v\u016f\u010di mezikrystalov\u00e9 korozi a [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2180,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2193","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2193","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2193"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2193\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2196,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2193\/revisions\/2196"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2180"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2193"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2193"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2193"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Ropa a plyn<\/h3>\n
J\u00eddlo a n\u00e1poje<\/h3>\n
Stavebn\u00ed pr\u016fmysl<\/h3>\n