{"id":1779,"date":"2018-09-16T14:43:35","date_gmt":"2018-09-16T14:43:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/?p=1779"},"modified":"2020-09-17T08:39:20","modified_gmt":"2020-09-17T08:39:20","slug":"what-is-ferritic-stainless-steel-used-for","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/what-is-ferritic-stainless-steel-used-for\/","title":{"rendered":"K \u010demu se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 feritick\u00e1 nerezov\u00e1 ocel?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Feritov\u00e1 nerezov\u00e1 ocel ozna\u010duje nerezovou ocel s 11%~30%Cr a kubickou krystalickou feritovou strukturou. Jeho vysok\u00fd obsah chr\u00f3mu je hlavn\u00edm prvkem, kter\u00fd ovliv\u0148uje jeho v\u00fdkon. Mezi v\u00fdhody feritick\u00e9 nerezov\u00e9 oceli pat\u0159\u00ed n\u00edzk\u00e1 cena (bez niklu), dobr\u00e1 magnetick\u00e1 vodivost, vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed odolnost proti korozi pod nap\u011bt\u00edm; Mal\u00e1 tendence k pracovn\u00edmu zpevn\u011bn\u00ed, snadn\u00e9 \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed a \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed za studena; Vysok\u00e1 tepeln\u00e1 vodivost (1,5kr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u austenitick\u00e9 oceli), n\u00edzk\u00fd koeficient line\u00e1rn\u00ed rozta\u017enosti (60% u austenitick\u00e9 oceli), ale tak\u00e9 zjevn\u00e9 nev\u00fdhody, jako je \u0161patn\u00e1 plasticita a n\u00edzk\u00e1 pevnost p\u0159i n\u00e1sledn\u00e9m zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, snadn\u00e9 prask\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Feritick\u00e1 nerezov\u00e1 ocel se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 hlavn\u011b v oxida\u010dn\u00edm m\u00e9diu a nitridov\u00e9m m\u00e9diu, vhodn\u00e9m pro \u00fa\u010dely v\u00fdm\u011bny tepla a cirkulace tepla, poskytuje \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu aplikac\u00ed.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Aplikace architektury a struktury<\/strong><\/p>\n

Feritick\u00e1 nerezov\u00e1 ocel se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako st\u0159echa a opl\u00e1\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed budov kv\u016fli jej\u00ed dobr\u00e9 odolnosti v\u016f\u010di atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9 korozi. Byly vyvinuty feritick\u00e9 nerezov\u00e9 oceli s vysok\u00fdm obsahem chromu pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edch oblastech a korozivzdorn\u00e9 oceli odoln\u00e9 proti atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9 korozi obsahuj\u00ed vysok\u00fd obsah chr\u00f3mu a molybdenu a jsou dopln\u011bny mal\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm niobu a titanu. Ocel ve skute\u010dnosti obsahuje 22% chrom a 1,2% molybden. Dostatek chr\u00f3mu a molybdenu je nezbytn\u00fd pro zlep\u0161en\u00ed odolnosti nerezov\u00e9 oceli proti d\u016flkov\u00e9 korozi. Oblast proreziv\u011bn\u00ed austenitick\u00e9 nerezov\u00e9 oceli typu 304 a typu 316 v\u00fdrazn\u011b vzrostla s n\u00e1r\u016fstem po\u010dtu periodick\u00fdch cykl\u016f korozn\u00edch zkou\u0161ek. Naopak, oblast koroze feritick\u00e9 nerezov\u00e9 oceli typu 444 se b\u011bhem prvn\u00edch 600 testovac\u00edch cykl\u016f m\u00edrn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161ila a po del\u0161\u00edch testech byla nasycen\u00e1.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Nerezov\u00e1 ocel typu 409 nebo 410L se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako materi\u00e1l pro syst\u00e9m \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed emis\u00ed v\u00fdfukov\u00fdch plyn\u016f vozidla, jako je p\u0159edn\u00ed trubka, st\u0159edn\u00ed trubka a tlumi\u010d v\u00fdfuku d\u00edky sv\u00e9 vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed odolnosti v\u016f\u010di mezikrystalov\u00e9 korozi, tvarovatelnosti a tepeln\u00e9 odolnosti. V posledn\u00edch letech se konstruk\u010dn\u00ed teplota v\u00fdfukov\u00fdch plyn\u016f vozidel zv\u00fd\u0161ila v d\u016fsledku rychlosti katalytick\u00e9 konverze a sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed \u0161kodliv\u00fdch plyn\u016f, jako jsou emise NOx, SOx a uhlovod\u00edk\u016f (HC). Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 teplota karbidu chr\u00f3mu v\u0161ak zp\u016fsob\u00ed usazeniny na tlumi\u010di, tj. teploty 400 ~ 500 \u00b0C povedou ke korozi na hranic\u00edch zrn. Proto\u017ee oblast svaru je zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b citliv\u00e1 na mezikrystalickou korozi, je nutn\u00e9 zlep\u0161it korozn\u00ed odolnost feritick\u00e9 nerezov\u00e9 oceli obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed 12% Cr. Proto byla vyvinuta nov\u00e1 feritick\u00e1 nerezov\u00e1 ocel p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm niobu do oceli obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed 12% Cr. Je dob\u0159e zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed obsahu uhl\u00edku a dus\u00edku v oceli je docela \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 p\u0159i prevenci mezikrystalick\u00e9 koroze. T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem lze d\u00e1le zlep\u0161it odolnost proti mezikrystalick\u00e9 korozi p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm niobu a titanu do oceli. Nerezov\u00e1 ocel 409L se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako materi\u00e1l pro v\u00fdfukov\u00e9 potrub\u00ed automobil\u016f a teplota v\u00fdfuku je navr\u017eena tak, aby byla asi 800 \u2103. Nerezov\u00e1 ocel 430J1L se doporu\u010duje, kdy\u017e je teplota v\u00fdfuku p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 900 \u2103.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Dom\u00e1c\u00ed spot\u0159ebi\u010de a kuchy\u0148sk\u00e9 pot\u0159eby<\/strong><\/p>\n

Feritov\u00e1 nerezov\u00e1 ocel \u0159ady 400 je \u0161iroce akceptov\u00e1na v oblasti dom\u00e1c\u00edch spot\u0159ebi\u010d\u016f a kuchy\u0148sk\u00e9ho n\u00e1dob\u00ed pro sv\u00e9 jedine\u010dn\u00e9 estetick\u00e9 vlastnosti, odolnost proti korozi v\u016f\u010di \u010distic\u00edm a dezinfek\u010dn\u00edm prost\u0159edk\u016fm, n\u00edzk\u00fd koeficient tepeln\u00e9 rozta\u017enosti a magnetismus (vhodn\u00e9 pro elektromagnetick\u00e9 spor\u00e1ky). Feritick\u00e1 nerezov\u00e1 ocel v\u00fdrazn\u011b sni\u017euje hmotnost ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s uhl\u00edkovou ocel\u00ed. Feritick\u00e9 nerezov\u00e9 oceli neobsahuj\u00ed nikl a jsou mnohem cenov\u011b stabiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e austenitick\u00e9 oceli, co\u017e v\u00fdrobc\u016fm usnad\u0148uje \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f, n\u00e1kup a prodej. Pou\u017eit\u00ed feritick\u00e9 nerezov\u00e9 oceli je tak \u0161irok\u00e9, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed po\u017eadovan\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu feritov\u00e9 nerezov\u00e9 oceli je jin\u00e9. Typick\u00e9 aplikace zahrnuj\u00ed my\u010dky n\u00e1dob\u00ed, varn\u00e9 konvice, pra\u010dky, popelnice, kuchy\u0148sk\u00e9 odpady, trouby, plynov\u00e9 spot\u0159ebi\u010de, k\u00e1vovary, mikrovlnn\u00e9 trouby, plynov\u00e9 spor\u00e1ky, chlad\u00edrny, restaura\u010dn\u00ed voz\u00edky.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Feritick\u00e1 nerezov\u00e1 ocel se tak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v doprav\u011b a dal\u0161\u00edch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch. Proto\u017ee m\u00e1 oproti uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 oceli a austenitick\u00e9 nerezov\u00e9 oceli tolik v\u00fdhod, m\u00e1 vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed tvarovatelnost, jako je oh\u00fdb\u00e1n\u00ed, \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed a vrt\u00e1n\u00ed, d\u00edky \u010demu\u017e m\u00e1 \u0161irok\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee existuje mnoho druh\u016f feritick\u00e9 nerezov\u00e9 oceli, je pro dosa\u017een\u00ed dobr\u00e9 odolnosti proti korozi, dobr\u00e9 pevnosti a ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ceny nutn\u00e9 vybrat spr\u00e1vnou t\u0159\u00eddu, kter\u00e1 spln\u00ed po\u017eadavky z\u00e1kazn\u00edka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Zn\u00e1mky<\/td>\nChemick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed<\/td>\nCharakterizovat<\/td>\nAplikace<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
409 l<\/td>\n11,3Cr-0,17Ti<\/p>\n

N\u00edzk\u00e9 C a N<\/td>\n

D\u00edky p\u0159idan\u00e9mu Ti m\u00e1 dobrou odolnost proti vysokoteplotn\u00ed korozi a pevnost.<\/td>\nAutomobilov\u00e9 v\u00fdfuky, v\u00fdm\u011bn\u00edky, n\u00e1doby a dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdrobky bez tepeln\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed po sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
410 l<\/td>\n13Cr<\/p>\n

N\u00edzk\u00e9 C<\/td>\n

Sni\u017ete C na z\u00e1klad\u011b 410, m\u00e1 dobr\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, odolnost proti deformaci p\u0159i sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, odolnost proti oxidaci p\u0159i vysok\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch.<\/td>\nD\u00edly pro mechanickou konstrukci, v\u00fdfukov\u00e9 potrub\u00ed motoru, spalovac\u00ed komora kotle, ho\u0159\u00e1k.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
430<\/td>\n16Cr<\/td>\nTypick\u00e9 jakosti feritov\u00e9 oceli maj\u00ed n\u00edzkou tepelnou rozta\u017enost, vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed tvarovatelnost a odolnost proti oxidaci.<\/td>\nTepeln\u011b odoln\u00e9 spot\u0159ebi\u010de, ho\u0159\u00e1ky, dom\u00e1c\u00ed spot\u0159ebi\u010de, n\u00e1dob\u00ed, kuchy\u0148sk\u00e9 d\u0159ezy, vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dekorativn\u00ed materi\u00e1ly, \u0161rouby, matice, z\u00e1st\u011bny<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
430J1L<\/td>\n18-Cr0,5Cu-Nb<\/p>\n

N\u00edzk\u00e9 C&N<\/td>\n

P\u0159\u00eddavek Cu, Nb na b\u00e1zi 430, dobr\u00e1 odolnost proti korozi, tva\u0159itelnost, sva\u0159itelnost a odolnost proti oxidaci za vysok\u00fdch teplot.<\/td>\nMateri\u00e1ly pro vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dekoraci budov, autod\u00edly, za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed teplou a studenou vodou.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
436 l<\/td>\n18Cr-1Mo-Ti, Nb, Zr<\/p>\n

N\u00edzk\u00e9 C&N<\/td>\n

P\u0159id\u00e1no Nb, Zr, vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed tepeln\u00e1 odolnost a odolnost proti od\u011bru, dobr\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed a sva\u0159itelnost.<\/td>\nPra\u010dky, v\u00fdfuky aut, elektronika, hrnce na va\u0159en\u00ed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Feritov\u00e1 nerezov\u00e1 ocel ozna\u010duje nerezovou ocel s 11%~30%Cr a kubickou krystalickou feritovou strukturou. Jeho vysok\u00fd obsah chr\u00f3mu je hlavn\u00edm prvkem, kter\u00fd ovliv\u0148uje jeho v\u00fdkon. Mezi v\u00fdhody feritick\u00e9 nerezov\u00e9 oceli pat\u0159\u00ed n\u00edzk\u00e1 cena (bez niklu), dobr\u00e1 magnetick\u00e1 vodivost, vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed odolnost proti korozi pod nap\u011bt\u00edm; Mal\u00e1 tendence k pracovn\u00edmu zpevn\u011bn\u00ed, snadn\u00e9 \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed a \u0159ez\u00e1n\u00ed za studena; [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1781,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1779","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1779","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1779"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1779\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1820,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1779\/revisions\/1820"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1781"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1779"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1779"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wldstainless.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1779"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}